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GI > Small and Large Intestines > Flashcards

Small and Large Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the duodenum

A

Gastric acid neutrailsation
Digestion
Iron absorption

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2
Q

Where does majority of absorption take place

A

Jejunum

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3
Q

What is the function of the ileum

A

Salt and water absorption (passive)

B12 absorption

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4
Q

What do crypts in small intestine do

A

Secrete chloride so water follows and create aqueous environment for digestion
Reabsorbed by villi

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5
Q

What do villi have

A

Villi have absorptive hepatocytes
Lacteal runs up core to take products of fat digestion
Capillaries
Goblet cells secrete mucous to prevent abrasion

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6
Q

What happens in CF

A

No CFTR gene

Can’t absorb water and chloride

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7
Q

How are nutrients absorbed

A

Na coupled active transport into hepatocyte
Water follows
K leaves to blood through leaky channel
Pumped back in via Na/K pump

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8
Q

How is water secreted into lumen of small intestine

A

Cl pumped into cell coupled to Na/K pump
2Cl + 1K in and 1Na out
K leaves through leaky potassium channel
cAMP produced from ATP via AC which activates CFTR to allow Cl to leave into lumen
H20 follows

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9
Q

What is segmentation

A

Contraction and relaxation of intestine to mix contents

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10
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Occurs following absorption and segmentation has stopped to move contents

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11
Q

What is the MMC

A

Big peristaltic wave that clears bowel contents beginning in gastric Antrum

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12
Q

What hormone is involved in MMC initiation

A

Motilitin released when nutrient levels fall

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the small intestine

A

Para via vagus causes contraction

Sympa via splanchnic decreases

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14
Q

What is the gastroileal reflex

A

Increase segmentation when gastric emptying
Opening of ileocecal valve
Chime enters large intestine
Reflex contraction of ileocecal sphincter preventing back flux

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15
Q

When does ileocecal valve relax

A

When wave reaches and when food leaves stomach

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16
Q

What is colon made up of

A 
Appendix 
Ascending - R 
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
17
Q

What does large intestine have

A

Teniae coli
Haustra
Large crypts
Large goblet cells

18
Q

What is the role of large intestine

A

Actively transports sodium coupled to K from lumen into blood leading to absorption of water

19
Q

What causes internal sphincter to relax

A

Autonomic

20
Q

What causes external sphincter to relax

A

Voluntary

21
Q

What happens after a meal

A 
MMC moves food to rectum
Distension = para via pelvic splanchnic
Rectum contracts
Internal sphincter relaxes 
Increased peristalsis increases pressure and external sphincter relaxes
22
Q

What is treatment for diarrhoea

A

Sodium glucose solution so villi absorb water

GI (29 decks)

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