Nutrient Digestion

Question 1

What are the monosaccharides

Answer 1

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 2

What are dissacharides (2 mono linked by glycosidic bond broken down by enzymes in small intestine)

Answer 2

Lactose - glucose and galactose (lactase)

Sucrose - glucose and fructose (sucrase)

Maltose - glucose and glucose (maltase)

Question 3

What is starch / glycogen

Answer 3

Glucose linked by alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 4

How is starch / glycogen broken down

Answer 4

Amylase released by saliva and pancreas

Question 5

What is cellulose

Answer 5

Glucose linked by beta 1,4 bonds

Cannot be digested

Question 6

How is glucose / galactose absorbed

Answer 6

SGLT1 transported pumps Na and glucose into epithelial cell
Sodium pumped out by Na / K pump maintaining low water in blood
Glucose increases until greater than blood
Glut 2 transports

Question 7

How is fructose absorbed

Answer 7

Glut 5 transports across

Question 8

How are AA absorbed

Answer 8

Proteases reduce proteins to AA

Free AA taken across by sodium coupled transporter

Question 9

How are dipeptides and trip-peptides absorbed

Answer 9

Hydrogen dependent PepT1 transporter carries into cell
Digested into AA
Transported across coupled with sodium
Na / H transporter maintains acid microclimate