Sleep-Wake Disorders Flashcards
What are the 2 major characteristics of sleep-wake disorders?
Dyssomnias
Parasomnias
Involve difficulties in getting enough sleep, problems with sleeping when you want to and complaints about the quality of sleep, such as not feeling refreshed even though you have slept the whole night.
Dyssomnias
Abnormal behavior or physiological events that occur during sleep such as nightmares and sleepwalking.
Parasomnias
Comprehensive picture of a person’s sleep can be determined.
Polysomnographic evaluation
Leg movements and brain wave activity are measured.
Electroencephalogram
Eye movements are measured.
Electroculogram
Muscle movements are measured.
Electromyogram
Heart activity is being measured.
Electrocardiogram
An alternative comprehensive assessment that uses a wristwatch-seize device. It records the number of arm movements.
Actigraph
The percentage of time actually spent asleep. It is calculated by dividing the amount of time sleeping by the amount of time in bed.
Sleep efficiency
One of the most common sleep-wake disorders. They have trouble falling asleep at night, difficulty maintaining sleep and having nonrestorative sleep.
Insomnia Disorder
The sleep difficulty in insomnia occurs atleast _ per week and present for atleast how long?
3 nights per week
3 months
A degenerative brain disorder where a total lack of sleep eventually leads to death.
Fatal familial insomnia
Symptoms last atleast 1 month but less than 3 months.
Episodic
Symptoms last 3 months or longer.
Persistent
Two (or more) episodes within the space of 1 year.
Recurrent
Disorder that involves sleeping too much. Self reported excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting atleast 3 times per week, for atleast 3 months. They may sleep through the night but still complain of being excessively tired throughout the day.
Hypersomnolence Disorders
Hypersomnolence Disorders duration of less than 1 month.
Acute
Hypersomnolence Disorders duration of 1-3 months.
Subacute
Hypersomnolence Disorders duration of more than 3 months.
Persistent
Severity of hypersomnolence disorders if they are having difficulty maintaining daytime alertness 1-2 days/week;
3-4 days/week
5-7 days/week.
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Difficulty breathing at night. They often snore loudly, pause between breaths and wake in the morning with a dry mouth and headache.
Sleep apnea
In addition to daytime sleepiness, people with this disorder also experience cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnogogic hallucinations.
Narcolepsy
A sudden loss of muscle tone. Occurs while the person is awake and can range from slight weakness in the facial muscles to complete physical collapse. Usually preceded by strong emotions and lasts from several seconds to several minutes. Appears to result from a sudden onset of REM sleep.
Cataplexy
The brief period after awakening when they cannot move or speak that is often frightening to those who go through it.
Sleep Paralysis.
Vivid and often terrifying experiences that begin at the start of sleep are said to be unbelievably realistic because they include not only visual aspects but also touch, hearing and even the sensation of body movement.
Hypnogogic hallucinations
The problems associated with narcolepsy are usually first seen during _.
Teenage years
The condition where sleep paralysis co-occurs with anxiety disorder.
Isolated sleep paralysis
There is a significant loss of a certain type of nerve call called_ in those with narcolepsy. These neurons create peptides that appear to play an important role in wakefulness.
Hypocretin neurons
Severity of narcolepsy when there is an infrequent cataplexy (less than once per week), need for naps only once or twice a day and less disturbed nocturnal sleep.
Mild
Severity of narcolepsy when cataplexy occurs once daily or energy few days, need for multiple naps daily and disturbed nocturnal sleep.
Moderate
Severity of narcolepsy when there is a drug-resitant cataplexy occurs with attacks daily, nearly constant sleepiness and disturbed nocturnal sleep.
Severe
What are the 3 types of Apnea?
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnoea syndrome
Central sleep apnea
Sleep-related hypoventilation
Occurs when airflow stops despite continued activity by the respiratory system. They reported snoring at night. Obesity is sometimes associated with this problem, as is increasing age, use of MMDA (Ecstasy). Most common in males.
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnoea syndrome
Involves the complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods and is often associated with central nervous system disorders such as head trauma. They wake up frequently during the night, often not aware of having serious breathing problem and tend not to report excessive daytime sleepiness.
Central sleep apnea
A decrease in airflow without a complete pause in breathing.
Sleep-related hypoventilation
Disorder characterized by disturbed sleep brought on by the brain’s inability to synchronize sleep patterns with the current patterns of day and night.
Circadian rhythm Sleep Disorder
Our biological clock is in the _ in the hypothalamus.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
What are the 2 types of circadian rhythm Sleep disorders?
Jet lag type
Shift work type
What are several circadian rhythm Sleep disorders that arise from within the person?
Delayer sleep phase type
Advance sleep phase type
Irregular sleep-wake type
Non-24-hour sleep wake type
People who stay up late and sleep late. Sleep is delayed or later than normal bedtime.
Delayed sleep phase type
Early to bed and early to arise. Sleep is advanced or earlier than normal bedtime.
Advanced sleep phase type
People who experience highly varied sleep cycles.
Irregular sleep-wake type
Sleeping on a 25 or 26 hour cycle with later and later bedtimes ultimately going throughout the day.
Non-24-hour sleep-wake type
The hormone that contributes to the setting of our biological clocks that tells us when to sleep. It is produced by pineal gland, in the center of the brain, and is produced only at night.
Melatonin
Melatonin has been nicknamed _ because it’s production is stimulated by darkness and ceases in daylight.
Dracula Hormone
What are the 5 types of Dyssomnias?
Insomnia Disorder
Hypersomnolence Disorders
Narcolepsy
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
What are the 4 Disorders under Parasomnias?
Nightmares
Sleep Arousal Disorders
Restless Legs Syndrome
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder
These experiences occur during REM or dream sleep, so distressful that may impair a person’s ability to carry on normal activities. Thought to be influenced by genetics, trauma, medication use and are associated with some psychological disorders.
Nightmares
Disturbing dreams that awaken the sleeper.
Nightmares
Disturbing dreams that do not awaken the person experiencing them.
Bad dreams
Includes a number of motor movements and behaviors during NREM sleep.
Sleep Arousal Disorders
What are the 4 Sleep Arousal Disorders?
Sleep Terrors
Sleepwalking or Somnambulism
Nocturnal Eating Syndrome
Sexsomina
Irresistible urges to move the legs while sleeping as a result of unpleasant sensations.
Restless Legs Syndrome
What is the other name for Restless Legs Syndrome?
Willis-Ekbom Disease
Severe sleep disturbances that is the result of substance intoxication or withdrawal.
Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder
Occur during NREM sleep that usually afflict children, usually brin with a piercing scream. During this, children cannot be easily awakened and comforted.
Sleep Terrors
People walking in their sleep. Typically occurs during the first few hours while a person is in deep stages of sleep. It requires that the person leave the bed. Typically, they will not remember what happened.
Sleepwalking or Somnabulism
Factors why people sleepwalk.
Extreme fatigue
Sleep deprivation
Use of sedative or hypnotic drugs
Stress
The course of sleepwalking is short and few people over the age _ continue to exhibit it.
15
Sleepwalking episodes have been associated with _ behavior.
Violent
Individuals rise from their beds and eat while they are still sleeping.
Nocturnal Eating Syndrome
Acting out sexual behaviors such as masturbation and sexual intercourse with no memory of the event.
Sexsomina
