Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

Most neurocognitive disorders develop _ in life.

Answer 1

Much later

Question 2

Two classes of cognitive disorders:

Answer 2

Delirium
Mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 3

An often temporary condition displayed as confusion and disorientation.

Answer 3

Delirium

Question 4

A progressive condition marked by gradual deterioration of a range of cognitive abilities such as memory, judgment, language, etc.

Answer 4

Mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 5

In early editions of the DSM, neurocognitive disorders were labeled _, along with mood, anxiety, personality, hallucinosis and delusional disorders.

Answer 5

Organic mental disorders

Question 6

An abnormal mental state involving hallucinations.

Answer 6

Hallucinosis

Question 7

Indicated that brain damage or dysfunction was believed to be involved.

Answer 7

Organic

Question 8

Term used in DSM IV to signify that their predominant feature is the impairment of such cognitive abilities as memory, attention, perception and thinking.

Answer 8

Cognitive Disorders

Question 9

One of the earliest recognized mental disorders. It is characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days. They appear to be confused, disoriented and out of touch with their surroundings. Marked impairments in memory and language.

Answer 9

Delirium

Question 10

Delirium is more prevalent among _ and people undergoing _.

Answer 10

Older adults
People undergoing medical procedures and cancer patients.

Question 11

Medical conditions that impair brain function that could be linked to delirium:

Answer 11

Intoxication by drugs and poisons
Withdrawal
Infections
Head injury
Various other types of brain trauma
Improper use of medication

Question 12

Delirium can be experienced by children when:

Answer 12

High fevers
Taking certain medications

Question 13

Delirium often occurs during the course of what condition? 50% of people with it, suffer at least one episode of delirium.

Answer 13

Dementia

Question 14

Who are more susceptible to developing delirium?

Answer 14

Older adults

Question 15

What was the previous label for major neurocognitive disorder?

Answer 15

Dementia

Question 16

A new DSM 5 disorder that was created to focus attention on the early stages of cognitive decline. The person has the modest impairments in cognitive abilities but can, with some accommodations continue to function independently.

Answer 16

Mild neurocognitive disorder

Question 17

What are the causes of neurocognitive disorders?

Answer 17

Several medical conditions
Abuse of drugs and alcohol and poisonous substances
Infectious diseases of syphilis and HIV
Depression
Variety of traumas to the brain
Severe head injury
Disorders such as Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s

Question 18

In the initial stages of Neurocognitive disorders, memory impairment is typically seen as _.

Answer 18

Inability to register ongoing events

Question 19

Inability to recognize and name objects. One of the most familiar symptoms of neurocognitive disorders.

Answer 19

Agnosia

Question 20

Inability to recognize even familiar faces.

Answer 20

Facial agnosia

Question 21

Common side effects of Neurocognitive disorders:

Answer 21

Delusions
Depression
Agitation
Aggression
Apathy

Question 22

Major neurocognitive disorder can develop at any age, although this disorder is more frequent in _.

Answer 22

Older adults

Question 23

Neurocognitive Disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease rarely occurs in people under _ years of age.

Answer 23

45

Question 24

The German psychiatrist who first described the disorder that bears his name in 1907. He called the disorder an “atypical form of senile dementia”.

Answer 24

Alois Alzheimer

Question 25

Individuals with this disease forget important events and lose objects. Their interest in no routine activities narrows. They tend to lose interest in others and as a result, become more socially isolated. As the disorder progresses, they can become agitated, confused, depressed, anxious or even combative.

Answer 25

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 26

Many of the difficulties in Alzheimer's disease become more pronounced late in the day, in a phenomenon called _, perhaps as a result of fatigue or disturbance in the brain's biological clock.

Answer 26

Sundowner syndrome

Question 27

People with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's also display one or more other cognitive disturbances including:

Answer 27

Aphasia (language) Apraxia (Motor functioning) Agnosia (recognize objects) Difficulty with activities such as planning, organizing, sequencing or abstracting information.

Question 28

Cognitive deterioration with Alzheimer's disease is more rapid in what stage?

Answer 28

Middle

Question 29

Early onset of Alzheimer's disease and the usual onset.

Answer 29

Early- 40s or 50's Usual- 60's or 70's

Question 30

Vascular refers to what?

Answer 30

Blood vessels

Question 31

Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder causes a decline in speed of information processing and _ functioning.

Answer 31

Executive functioning

Question 32

The onset of this neurocognitive disorder is typically more sudden than the onset for the Alzheimer's type probably because the disorder is the result of stroke, which inflicts the brain immediately.

Answer 32

Vascular dementia

Question 33

There is increasing recognition of neurocognitive disorder among athletes who _.

Answer 33

Receive repeated blows to the head.

Question 34

Disorder that is currently referred to as "chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) caused by repetitive head trauma that can provoke distinctive neurodegeneration. It is suggested that it was restricted to boxers or pugilists.

Answer 34

Dementia pugilistica

Question 35

An overarching term used to categorize a variety of brain disorders that damage the frontal or temporal regions of the brain-areas that affect personality, language and behavior.

Answer 35

Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 36

What are the 2 variants of Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder?

Answer 36

Through declines in appropriate behavior Declines in language

Question 37

Pick's disease is one of the disorders of Neurocognitive Disorders that produces the same symptoms to that of _. It appears to have a genetic component and occurs relatively early in life (40's or 50's) and is therefore considered an example of early onset.

Answer 37

Alzheimer's disease

Question 38

It includes symptoms that persist for at least a week following the trauma including executive dysfunction and problems with memory and learning.

Answer 38

Neurocognitive Disorder due to traumatic brain injury

Question 39

Who are at greater risk for neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?

Answer 39

Teens and young adults

Question 40

What are the common causes of traumatic brain injury?

Answer 40

Traffic accidents Assaults Falls Suicide attempts

Question 41

Microscopic deposits of a protein that damage brain cells over time.

Answer 41

Lewy bodies

Question 42

What are the signs of neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body disease that comes on gradually?

Answer 42

Impairment in alertness and attention Vivid visual hallucinations Motor impairments

Question 43

Motor problems are characteristic among people with _, who tend to have stopped posture, slow body movements, tremors and jerkiness in walking. The voice is also affected, they speak in soft monotone.

Answer 43

Parkinson's disease

Question 44

What causes the changes in the motor movement of someone who has Parkinson's disease?

Answer 44

Damage to dopamine pathways

Question 45

A reduction in dopamine neurotransmitter makes individuals increasingly unable to control their muscle movements which leads to _ and muscle weakness.

Answer 45

Tremors

Question 46

What type of virus which causes AIDS as well cb cause neurocognitive disorder?

Answer 46

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

Question 47

What are the early symptoms of Neurocognitive Disorder resulting from HIV?

Answer 47

Cognitive slowness Impaired attention Forgetfulness

Question 48

Individuals with this disorder tend to be clumsy, to show repetitive movements such as tremors and leg weakness and to become apathetic and socially withdrawn.

Answer 48

Neurocognitive disorders due to HIV Infection

Question 49

Neurocognitive disorder resulting from HIV is sometimes referred to as _, because it affects primarily the inner areas of the brain.

Answer 49

Subcortical dementia

Question 50

A genetic disorder that initially affects motor movements typically in the form of chorea, involuntary limb movements. It also follows the subcortical patterns.

Answer 50

Huntington's Disease

Question 51

A rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused cod prions.

Answer 51

Neurocognitive Disorder due to Prion disease

Question 52

What is the known treatment and course of prion disease?

Answer 52

No known treatment Course- Fatal

Question 53

How are prions contacted?

Answer 53

Not contagious in human Contracted through cannibalism of accident inoculations.

Question 54

Proteins that can reproduce themselves and cause damage to brain cells leading to neurocognitive decline.

Answer 54

Prions

Question 55

A type of prion disease, commonly referred to as "mad-cow disease" as this disease might be transmitted from infected cattle to humans?

Answer 55

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Question 56

This impairment unfortunately lasts beyond the period involved in intoxication or withdrawal from substances. The resulting brain damage can be permanent and can cause the same symptoms as seen in Neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's disease.

Answer 56

Substance/Medication-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 57

Inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor functioning.

Answer 57

Apraxia