Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
The startling disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including delusions and hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior and inappropriate emotions.
Schizophrenia
In 1809, he outlined a description of the symptoms of schizophrenia in Observation on Madness and Melancholy.
John Haslam
A French physician who described cases of schizophrenia in 1901/1809.
Philippe Pinel
A physician at French institution who used the term demence precoce-dementia praecox in Latin, to describe schizophrenia.
Benedict Morel
It means early or premature loss of mind.
Dementia praecox
He is a German psychiatrist, who combined with several symptoms of insanity that had usually been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders- catatonia, hebephrenia and paranoia under the name dementia praecox.
Emil Kraepelin
Kraepelin distinguished dementia praecox from _.
Manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder)
A Swiss psychiatrist who introduced the term schizophrenia in 1908.
Eugen Bleuler
Schizophrenia comes from the combination of the Greek words _ and _.
Skhizein (split) & phren (mind)
It is referred to as alternating immobility and excited agitation.
Catatonia
It means silly and immature emotionality.
Hebephrenia
Delusions of grandeur or persecution.
Paranoia
Behavior that has been characterized by many unusual behaviors, it usually involves delusions and/or hallucination.
Psychotic behavior
Generally refer to symptoms around distorted reality.
Positive symptoms
It involves a deficit in normal behavior such as speech, blunted affect and motivation.
Negative symptoms
It includes rambling speech, erratic behavior and inappropriate affect.
Disorganized symptoms
A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires how many positive, negative and/or disorganized symptoms be present for atleast how long? It also should have atleast one of these symptoms including delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech.
Two or more;
1 month
What does 0-4 severity of an individual’s symptom represent?
0 symptom not present
1 equivocal evidence (not sure)
2 present but mild
3 present but moderate
4 present and severe
Delusions or disorder of thought concern and hallucination are examples of what symptoms?
Positive symptoms
A mistaken belief that the person is famous or powerful.
Delusions of grandeur
A common delusion in people with schizophrenia. It is the belief that others are “out to get them”.
Delusions of persecution
The person believes someone he or she knows has been replaced by a double.
Capgras syndrome
The person believes he is dead.
Cotard’s syndrome
What are the 2 reasons that explain why schizophrenics believe such improbable things?
Motivational view of delusions
Deficit view of delusions
The basic character of madness.
Delusions or disorder of thought content.
The experience of sensory events without any input from the surrounding environment.
Hallucinations
The most common hallucination experienced by people with schizophrenia.
Auditory hallucinations
The part of the brain that is most active during hallucinations. It is known to be involved in speech production rather than language comprehension.
Broca’s area
The area that is involved in language comprehension. People who are hallucinating are not hearing the voices of others but are listening to their own thoughts or their own voices and cannot recognize the difference.
Wernicke’s area
Avolition, Alogia, Anhedonia and Affective flattening are what kind of symptoms?
Negative symptoms
Disorganized speech, tangentiality and loose association or derailment, inaappropriate affect and disorganizer behavior are what kind of symptoms?
Disorganized symptoms
It is the inability to initiate and persist in activities.
Avolition
It refers to the relative absence of speech. They may have little content response to questions and may appear uninterested in the conversation.
Alogia
It is the presumed lack of pleasure.
Anhedonia
They do not show emotions when you would normally expect them to. Stare vacantly, speak in a flat and toneless manner and seem unaffected by things going on around them. They may be responding on the inside.
Affective flattening
They often lack insight, an awareness that they have a problem. They experience “associative slippage” and “cognitive slippage”.
Disorganized speech
Going off on a tangent instead of answering a specific question.
Tangentiality
Changing the topic of conversation to unrelated areas.
Loose association or derailment
People hold unusual postures as if they were fearful of something terrible happening if they move.
Catatonic immobility
The tendency to keep their bodies and limbs in the position they are put in by someone else.
Waxy Flexibility
What are the 3 Divisions/Subtypes of historic Schizophrenia?
Paranoid
Disorganized
Catatonic
A disorder including onset of psychotic symptoms within 4 weeks of the noticeable change in unusual behavior, confusion at the height of psychotic episode, good premorbid (before psychotic episode) social & occupational functioning and absence of blunted or flat affect.
Schizophreniform Disorder
A disorder requiring the presence of a mood disorder, delusions or hallucinations for atleast 2 weeks in the absence of prominent mood symptoms. Prognosis is similar for schizophrenia- do not get better on their own and are likely to continue experiencing major life difficulties for many years.
Schizoaffective Disorder
A disorder with a persistent belief that is contrary to reality. They tend to not have a flat affect, anhedonia or other negative symptoms but may become socially isolated because they are suspicious of others. Delusions are often long standing and persisting over several years.
Delusional Disorder
What are the 5 Delusional Disorder subtypes?
Erotomanic type
Grandiose type
Jealous type
Persecutory type
Somatic type
Delusional subtype that has the irrational belief that one is loved by another person, usually of higher status.
Erotomanic type
A delusional subtype that involves believing in one’s inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity or special relationship to a feity or famous person.
Grandiose type
A delusional subtype that believes that the sexual partner is unfaithful.
Jealous type
A delusional subtype that involves believing oneself or someone close is being malevolently treated in some way.
Persecutory type
Delusional subtype where the person feels afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition.
Somatic type
What is the onset of Delusional Disorder?
Relatively late.
The condition in which an individual develops delusions simply as a result of a close relationship with a delusional individual.
Shared psychotic disorder (folie a deux)
A psychotic disorder with the presence of one or more positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech or behavior lasting 1 month or less. It is often precipitated by extremely stressful situations.
Brief Psychotic Disorder
They can be at high risk for developing schizophrenia and may be at an early stage of the disorder. They have some of the symptoms of schizophrenia but are aware of the troubling and bizarre nature of these symptoms.
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome
A related psychotic disorder that has characteristics similar to those experienced by people with schizophrenia but are less severe. They may be genetically related as part of schizophrenia spectrum.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
