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Abnormal Psychology > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Most commonly diagnosed in mood disorders and most severe depression that lasts atleast 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms (feelings of worthlessness and indecisiveness) and distrubed physical functions (altered sleeping patterns, significant changes in appetite and weight, or a notable loss of energy), general loss of interest in things and inability to experience pleasure from life. Most central indication the physical symptoms, sometimes called “somatic” or “vegetative” symptoms along with behavioral and emotional shutdown.

A

Major Depressive Episode

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2
Q

The duration of major depressive episode, if untreated, is approximately _.

A

4 to 9 months

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3
Q

Loss of energy and inability to engage in pleasurable activities.

A

Anhedonia

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4
Q

The second fundamental state in mood disorders. It is abnormally exaggerated elation, joy or euphoria. Individuals find pleasure in every activity. They become extraordinary active, require little sleep and may develop grandiose plans believing they can accomplish anything they desire.

A

Mania

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5
Q

Manic episode require a duration of _.

A

1 week

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6
Q

Hospitalization could occur in individuals with mania if they are engaging in a _.

A

self-destructive buying spree

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7
Q

The duration of an untreated manic episode.

A

3-4 months

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8
Q

A less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impaient in social or occupational functioning and need last only 4 days rather than full week.

A

Hypomanic Episode

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9
Q

Individuals who experience either depression or mania. Their moods remain at one pole of the usual depression-mania continuum.

A

Unipolar Mood Disorder

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10
Q

Someone who alternates between depression and mania. Traveling from one pole of the depression-elation continuum to the other end back again.

A

Bipolar mood disorder

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11
Q

An individual experience manic symptoms but feel somewhat depressed or anxious at the same time or be dressed with a few symptoms of mania.

A

Mixed features

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12
Q

What are the 2 factors that most importantly describe mood disorders?

A

Severity
Chronicity

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13
Q

If 2 or more major depressive episodes occured and we’re separated by atleast 2 months during which the individual was not depressed, the major depressive disorder is noted as being _.

A

Recurrent

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14
Q

A depression that is often a chronic condition that waxes and wanes over time but seldom disappears.

A

Unipolar depression

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15
Q

The median lifetime number of major depressive episodes.

A

4-7

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16
Q

The median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes.

A

4-5 months

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17
Q

Depressed mood that continues atleast 2 years , during which the patient cannot be symptom free for more than 2 months even though they may not experience all of the symptoms of a major depressive episode.

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

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18
Q

Depressive disorder considered to be more severe since patients present higher rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders, less responsive to treatment and show a slower rate of improvement over time

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

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19
Q

A person with dysthymia who has not met criteria for a major depressive episode in atleast the preceding 2 years.

A

With pure dysthymic syndrome

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20
Q

An specification of dysthymia indicating the presence of a major depressive episode over atleast a 2-year period.

A

With persistent major depressive episode

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21
Q

A person with dysthymia who has double depression.

A

With intermittent major depressive episodes

22
Q

These individuals who suffer from both major depressive episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms.

A

Double Depression

23
Q

What are other psychotic features specifiers of depressive disorders?

A

Hallucinations
Delusions

24
Q

Hallucinations and delusions that seems directly related to depression.

A

Mood congruent

25
Q

This is one depressive disorder specifiers that include some of the more severe somatic symptoms such as early-morning awakenings, weight loss, loss of libido, excessive or inappropriate guilt and anhedonia. This only applies if the ful criteria for major depressive episode have been met and seem to signify a severe type of depressive episode.

A

Melancholic features specifiers

26
Q

The presence of this specifier in depressive and bipolar disorders indicates a more severe condition, makes suicidal thoughts and completed suicide more likely and predicts poorer outcome from treatment.

A

Anxiety distress specifier

27
Q

Predominantly depressive episodes that have several (atleast 3) symptoms of mania which applies to major depressive episodes both within major depressive disorder and persistent Depressive Disorder.

A

Mixed features specifiers

28
Q

This specifier could be applied to depressive or manic disprder, it involves an absence of movement or catalepsy, in which the muscles are waxy and semirigid, so patient’s arms or legs remain in any position in which they are placed. It may involve excessive but random or purposeless movement. It is also common in schizophrenia.

A

Catatonic features specifier

29
Q

This specifier applies to depressive episodes. It includes consistent oversleeping and overeating during depression and therefore gaining weight, leading to a higher incidence of diabetes. They also have considerable anxiety, react with interest or pleasure to some things, more severe symptoms, more suicide attempts and higher rate of comorbid disorders including alcohol abuse.

A

Atypical features specifier

30
Q

Atypical features specifier is associated with a greater percentage of what gender and onset?

A

Women
Earlier age of onset

31
Q

This specifier appears at the period of time just before and just after the birth and can be applied to both major depressive disorder and manic episodes. They have difficulty understanding why she is depressed because they assume this is a joyous time.

A

Peripartum onset specifier

32
Q

What is a peripartum period?

A

Pregnancy & 6 month period following childbirth

33
Q

More minor reactions in adjustment to childbirth. Typically last a few days and occur in 40% to 80% of women between 1 & 5 days after delivery. New mothers may be tearful and have some temporary mood swings but are normal responses to the stressess of childbirth and disappear quickly.

A

Baby blues

34
Q

A specifier that applies to recurrent major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It accompanies episodes that occur during certain season.

A

Seasonal pattern specifier

35
Q

What is the most usual seasonal pattern in a depressive episode?

A

Late fall to beginning of spring

36
Q

What is the most usual seasonal pattern for bipolar disorder?

A

Depressed- winter
Manic- summer

37
Q

These episodes must have occured for atleast 2 years with no evidence of non-seasonal major depressive episodes occuring during that period of time.

A

Seasonal affective disorder

38
Q

It is includes in the majority of seasonal mood disorders. People tend toward excessive sleep and increased appetite and weight gain, symptoms shared with atypical depressive episodes. Circadian rhythm, which is thought to have some relationship to mood, are delayed during this time.

A

Winter depression

39
Q

Patients are exposed to 2 hours of bright light immediately on awakening and are asked to avoid bright lights in the evening. If the light exposure is effective, the patients begin to notice a lifting of mood within 3-4 days and a remission of winter depression in 1-2 weeks. They experience headaches, eyestrains and just feel “wired”.

A

Phototherapy

40
Q

Natural grieving process has peaked within the first _ (duration).

A

6 months

41
Q

3 kinds of grief

A

Acute
Intergrated grief
Complicated grief

42
Q

Refers to grief that are acknowledged and the individual adjusts to the loss. It recalls significant events and is a very normal and positive reaction.

A

Intergrated grief

43
Q

Persistent intense symptoms of acute grief. The presence of thoughts, feelings or behaviors reflecting excessive or distracting concerns about the circumstances or consequences of the loss.

A

Complicated grief

44
Q

A disorder including a combination of physical symptoms, severe mood swings, anxiety are also associated with incapacitation during this period of time. 5 symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses and reduce until the week post menses.

A

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorders

45
Q

Children with chronic irritability, anger, aggression, hyperarousal, and frequent tantrums that are not limited to an occasional episode. Show no evidence of periods of elevated mood. Hight risk for additional depressive and anxiety disorder. Intense negative affect and marked inability to regulate mood. Temper outbursts on average occur 4 or more times per week and symptoms have been present for 12 or more months, without 3 or more consecutive months without all of the symptoms.

A

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

46
Q

Diagnosis of disruptive mood Dysregulation Disorder should not be made for the first time before age _ or after _ years.

A

6
18

47
Q

Major depressive disorder episodes alternate with full manic episode. There must be a symptom-free period of atleast 2 months between them.

A

Bipolar I Disorder

48
Q

Major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes. During manic phases, patients often deny they have a problem.

A

Bipolar II Disorder

49
Q

A milder but more chronic version of bipolar disorder. It is a chronic alternation of mood elevation and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes. Tend to be in one mood state or the other for years with relatively few periods of neutral or euthymic mood. This period must last for atleast 2 years and 1 year for children and adolescents. Alternate of mild depressive symptoms and sorts of hypomanic episodes.

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

50
Q

What are the features specifier for Bipolar Disorders?

A

Catatonic features specifier
Psychotic features specifier
Anxious features specifier
Mixed features
Seasonal pattern specifier
Peripartum onset specifier

51
Q

An individual with bipolar disorder who experiences atleast 4 manic or depressive episodes within a year. It appears to be a severe variety of bipolar disorder that does not respond well to standard treatments.

A

Rapid-Cycling Specifier

Abnormal Psychology (18 decks)

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