Mood Disorders Flashcards
Most commonly diagnosed in mood disorders and most severe depression that lasts atleast 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms (feelings of worthlessness and indecisiveness) and distrubed physical functions (altered sleeping patterns, significant changes in appetite and weight, or a notable loss of energy), general loss of interest in things and inability to experience pleasure from life. Most central indication the physical symptoms, sometimes called “somatic” or “vegetative” symptoms along with behavioral and emotional shutdown.
Major Depressive Episode
The duration of major depressive episode, if untreated, is approximately _.
4 to 9 months
Loss of energy and inability to engage in pleasurable activities.
Anhedonia
The second fundamental state in mood disorders. It is abnormally exaggerated elation, joy or euphoria. Individuals find pleasure in every activity. They become extraordinary active, require little sleep and may develop grandiose plans believing they can accomplish anything they desire.
Mania
Manic episode require a duration of _.
1 week
Hospitalization could occur in individuals with mania if they are engaging in a _.
self-destructive buying spree
The duration of an untreated manic episode.
3-4 months
A less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impaient in social or occupational functioning and need last only 4 days rather than full week.
Hypomanic Episode
Individuals who experience either depression or mania. Their moods remain at one pole of the usual depression-mania continuum.
Unipolar Mood Disorder
Someone who alternates between depression and mania. Traveling from one pole of the depression-elation continuum to the other end back again.
Bipolar mood disorder
An individual experience manic symptoms but feel somewhat depressed or anxious at the same time or be dressed with a few symptoms of mania.
Mixed features
What are the 2 factors that most importantly describe mood disorders?
Severity
Chronicity
If 2 or more major depressive episodes occured and we’re separated by atleast 2 months during which the individual was not depressed, the major depressive disorder is noted as being _.
Recurrent
A depression that is often a chronic condition that waxes and wanes over time but seldom disappears.
Unipolar depression
The median lifetime number of major depressive episodes.
4-7
The median duration of recurrent major depressive episodes.
4-5 months
Depressed mood that continues atleast 2 years , during which the patient cannot be symptom free for more than 2 months even though they may not experience all of the symptoms of a major depressive episode.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Depressive disorder considered to be more severe since patients present higher rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders, less responsive to treatment and show a slower rate of improvement over time
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
A person with dysthymia who has not met criteria for a major depressive episode in atleast the preceding 2 years.
With pure dysthymic syndrome
An specification of dysthymia indicating the presence of a major depressive episode over atleast a 2-year period.
With persistent major depressive episode
A person with dysthymia who has double depression.
With intermittent major depressive episodes
These individuals who suffer from both major depressive episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms.
Double Depression
What are other psychotic features specifiers of depressive disorders?
Hallucinations
Delusions
Hallucinations and delusions that seems directly related to depression.
Mood congruent
This is one depressive disorder specifiers that include some of the more severe somatic symptoms such as early-morning awakenings, weight loss, loss of libido, excessive or inappropriate guilt and anhedonia. This only applies if the ful criteria for major depressive episode have been met and seem to signify a severe type of depressive episode.
Melancholic features specifiers
The presence of this specifier in depressive and bipolar disorders indicates a more severe condition, makes suicidal thoughts and completed suicide more likely and predicts poorer outcome from treatment.
Anxiety distress specifier
Predominantly depressive episodes that have several (atleast 3) symptoms of mania which applies to major depressive episodes both within major depressive disorder and persistent Depressive Disorder.
Mixed features specifiers
This specifier could be applied to depressive or manic disprder, it involves an absence of movement or catalepsy, in which the muscles are waxy and semirigid, so patient’s arms or legs remain in any position in which they are placed. It may involve excessive but random or purposeless movement. It is also common in schizophrenia.
Catatonic features specifier
This specifier applies to depressive episodes. It includes consistent oversleeping and overeating during depression and therefore gaining weight, leading to a higher incidence of diabetes. They also have considerable anxiety, react with interest or pleasure to some things, more severe symptoms, more suicide attempts and higher rate of comorbid disorders including alcohol abuse.
Atypical features specifier
Atypical features specifier is associated with a greater percentage of what gender and onset?
Women
Earlier age of onset
This specifier appears at the period of time just before and just after the birth and can be applied to both major depressive disorder and manic episodes. They have difficulty understanding why she is depressed because they assume this is a joyous time.
Peripartum onset specifier
What is a peripartum period?
Pregnancy & 6 month period following childbirth
More minor reactions in adjustment to childbirth. Typically last a few days and occur in 40% to 80% of women between 1 & 5 days after delivery. New mothers may be tearful and have some temporary mood swings but are normal responses to the stressess of childbirth and disappear quickly.
Baby blues
A specifier that applies to recurrent major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It accompanies episodes that occur during certain season.
Seasonal pattern specifier
What is the most usual seasonal pattern in a depressive episode?
Late fall to beginning of spring
What is the most usual seasonal pattern for bipolar disorder?
Depressed- winter
Manic- summer
These episodes must have occured for atleast 2 years with no evidence of non-seasonal major depressive episodes occuring during that period of time.
Seasonal affective disorder
It is includes in the majority of seasonal mood disorders. People tend toward excessive sleep and increased appetite and weight gain, symptoms shared with atypical depressive episodes. Circadian rhythm, which is thought to have some relationship to mood, are delayed during this time.
Winter depression
Patients are exposed to 2 hours of bright light immediately on awakening and are asked to avoid bright lights in the evening. If the light exposure is effective, the patients begin to notice a lifting of mood within 3-4 days and a remission of winter depression in 1-2 weeks. They experience headaches, eyestrains and just feel “wired”.
Phototherapy
Natural grieving process has peaked within the first _ (duration).
6 months
3 kinds of grief
Acute
Intergrated grief
Complicated grief
Refers to grief that are acknowledged and the individual adjusts to the loss. It recalls significant events and is a very normal and positive reaction.
Intergrated grief
Persistent intense symptoms of acute grief. The presence of thoughts, feelings or behaviors reflecting excessive or distracting concerns about the circumstances or consequences of the loss.
Complicated grief
A disorder including a combination of physical symptoms, severe mood swings, anxiety are also associated with incapacitation during this period of time. 5 symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses and reduce until the week post menses.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorders
Children with chronic irritability, anger, aggression, hyperarousal, and frequent tantrums that are not limited to an occasional episode. Show no evidence of periods of elevated mood. Hight risk for additional depressive and anxiety disorder. Intense negative affect and marked inability to regulate mood. Temper outbursts on average occur 4 or more times per week and symptoms have been present for 12 or more months, without 3 or more consecutive months without all of the symptoms.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Diagnosis of disruptive mood Dysregulation Disorder should not be made for the first time before age _ or after _ years.
6
18
Major depressive disorder episodes alternate with full manic episode. There must be a symptom-free period of atleast 2 months between them.
Bipolar I Disorder
Major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes. During manic phases, patients often deny they have a problem.
Bipolar II Disorder
A milder but more chronic version of bipolar disorder. It is a chronic alternation of mood elevation and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes. Tend to be in one mood state or the other for years with relatively few periods of neutral or euthymic mood. This period must last for atleast 2 years and 1 year for children and adolescents. Alternate of mild depressive symptoms and sorts of hypomanic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder
What are the features specifier for Bipolar Disorders?
Catatonic features specifier
Psychotic features specifier
Anxious features specifier
Mixed features
Seasonal pattern specifier
Peripartum onset specifier
An individual with bipolar disorder who experiences atleast 4 manic or depressive episodes within a year. It appears to be a severe variety of bipolar disorder that does not respond well to standard treatments.
Rapid-Cycling Specifier
