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PSYCH 1101 > Sleep, dreams, Freud > Flashcards

Sleep, dreams, Freud Flashcards

1
Q

on average, how much of our lives do we spend sleeping?

A

36%

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2
Q

circadian rhythms

A

rhythmic cycles corresponding to roughly 24-hour periods and occur naturally

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3
Q

how do we know that our circadian rhythm is 24 hours

A

people put into room without clocks or windows, and they go to bed later and wake up later every day

original studies: let people have electric lights, presence of lights affect biology of sleep

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4
Q

how do we measure sleep

A

EEG: placing electrodes on scalp to measure electrical activity; rough estimates of psychological states

also need to measure muscle electrical activity and eye movement (ECG)

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5
Q

State 1 of sleep

A

brief transition stage when first falling asleep (hypnagogia), slower muscle activity

theta waves

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6
Q

State 2 - 4

A

2: sleep spindles and K complex
3/4: delta waves
slow-wave sleep
deeper stages of sleep
characterized by increasing percentage of slow, irregular, high-amplitude delta-waves

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7
Q

cycle back stage of sleep

A

after about 90 minutes after 3/4 stage, sleep lightens and returns to stage 2 then REM

(1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> REM -> 2 …)
4-5 cycles are typical

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8
Q

REM sleep

A

characterized by EEG patterns that resemble beta waves of alert wakefulness
muscles most relaxed / paralyzed
rapid eye movement
dreams

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9
Q

how does sleep walking occur (somnambulism)

A

the mechanism to paralyze muscles during REM does not get shut off

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10
Q

how is REM sleep waves different than awake brain waves

A

both are beta but REM has some sawtooth wave patterns

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11
Q

hypnagogia

A

transition from sleep to wakefulness
induce hallucinations, thoughts, dreams

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12
Q

how does sleep paralysis occur

A

mechanism for paralyzing muscles starts too early during hypnagogia

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13
Q

lucid dreaming

A

awareness that you are dreaming (REM) during a dream

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14
Q

how studies study lucid dreaming

A

studies show ability to communicate between dreamer and external observation

strapped goggles to people sleeping and shine light over eyes when they enter REM sleep and people sleeping would remember they were in a lab

participants would do a predetermined pattern of eye movement to let the scientists know that they know they are sleeping

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15
Q

functions of sleep for 2-3 year olds

A

brain grows rapidly (building + strengthening synapses during REM)

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16
Q

functions of sleep after 3+

A

switches from brain building to brain maintenance and repair

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17
Q

when people are lucid dreaming, how does time change

A

it does not

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18
Q

why do we sleep

A

conserve calorie energy (not plausible explanation)
restoration of body
memory consolidation and strengthening/neural synthesis

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19
Q

how much sleep do newborns need

A

16 hours

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20
Q

how much sleep do 6 year olds need

A

11-12 hours

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21
Q

how much sleep do adults need

22
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty falling / staying asleep

23
Q

sleep apnea

A

disorder where person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

24
Q

narcolepsy

A

disorder where sudden sleep attacks (REM) occur in middle of waking activities

25
night terrors
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal; non-REM parasomnia (during slow wave sleep)
26
REM behavior disorder (RBD)
people act out their dreams
27
what happens when you get 5 or less hours of sleep
increase hunger hormone and weight, sustained stress and suppressed immunity
28
problems with Freud
unscientific very broad conclusions were wrong unfalsifiable claims (unobservable features of the mind) did not measure behavior (used self reporting) looked at small sample of people who had psychosis
29
Freud's BIG theory of the mind
tries to understand everything unconscious mind: basic, often hidden, motivations that influence all aspects of psychology
30
Freud's contributions
willingness to discuss pleasure and sexuality seen as taboo first to bring child development to psychology
31
origins of psychoanalysis
talking therapy patient came with physical symptoms that could not be explained by medicine/science or physical mechanisms such as glove paralysis after therapy, symptoms of hysteria or conversion disorder started to disappear
32
Freud's structural theory of the mind
id, ego and superego
33
describe Id
driven instinct, present from birth unconscious does not distinguish between reality and fantasy operates based on pleasure
34
describe ego
develops out of id in infancy when they realize they cannot have anything they want self, personality operates based on reality and logic
35
describe superego
conscious, sense of right or wrong internalization of society's moral standards responsible for guilt
36
hydraulic metaphor
Id is source of motivation and is pushing on ego and superego
37
list stages of child development (Freud) and related ages
oral: birth - 1 anal: 1 - 3 phallic: 3 - 5 latency: 5 - puberty genital: past puberty
38
describe oral stage
pleasure: breast-feeding (mouth) if weaning or removing breast-feeding is done wrong -> fixation fixation: personality characterized by passivity, gullibility, immaturity, unrealistic optimism
39
describe anal stage
pleasure: anus if toilet training is done wrong -> fixation fixation: retentive or expulsive behaviors, compulsiveness (concerned with neatness and order) (keeping in feces)
40
describe phallic stage
pleasure: genitals oedipus/electra complex fixation: excessive masculinity in males and need for attention or domination in female
41
oedipus complex
desire for sexual involvement with parent of opposite sex and rivalry with parent of same sex - father competition of attention from mother (boys) - castration anxiety - if cannot beat father so then identifies with father superego formed
42
why did freud think women had weaker moral sense
they did not go through oedipus complex, weaker superego
43
describe latency stage
pleasure: hobbies, school, same-sex friendships sexuality is repressed
44
describe genital stage
pleasure: love and work sexual feelings re-emerge, oriented towards others fixation: pleasure from earlier stages
45
describe Freud's theory of personality
ego then superego emerge as a way for the child to deal with the impulses of id dynamic unconscious (id) explains personality differences
46
describe Freud's defense mechanisms
unconscious mental processes employed by ego to reduce anxiety and impulses caused by id ego is filter that prevents id's desire to come out in true form
47
sublimation
shifting to activities that are valued by society
48
displacement
re-direction of shameful thoughts to more "appropriate targets" (less powerful)
49
projection
reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses to someone else
50
Freud's theory of dreams
ego cannot filter id, dreams are window to unconscious (id)

PSYCH 1101 (16 decks)

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