Examples Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Q

How is this problematic in science?

When you are sitting at a red light, you state that the reason it turns green it is because someone was thinking about it.

A

Unfalsifiable
No counterargument; cannot prove someone was not thinking about it.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

How is this problematic in science?

You ignore certain observations in the data that are extreme.

A

sloppy methods

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What data collection method is this?

Asking how happy are you?

A

self-report

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You sit on playground and document which kids are playing in groups or alone.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, field, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You use hidden cameras in the lab to watch subjects while they work on a puzzle.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, lab, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You see how much children communicate randomly assigned to competitive game and cooperative game and ask how they feel about their partner.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experimental, lab, self-report

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You go in someones room and document how their room looks.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, field, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You observe children who already play videogames and see violent behavior.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Observational, field, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You randomly assign people to consume violent media and measure proxy (aggressive tasks).

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experimental, lab, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You randomly assign people to step on shapa scale and normal scale, and you assess numbers from app.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experiment, field, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

You randomly assign researcher to stand X amount away from participant, and you time it takes to pee.

Describe 3 parts of study.

A

Experimental, field, behavior

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

operational definition of violent media

A

media in any form that involves physical (contact) or verbal abuse as a result of aggressive intentions

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

Does violent behavior provide advantage in survival?

A

Evolution

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

What neural mechanisms are associated with violent behavior?

A

biological

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

Do certain cultures encourage violence?

A

culture

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

At what age does violence emerge?

A

developmental

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Which 6 levels of analysis is this?

Are certain traits are associated with violence?

A

individual differences

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

After you keep getting shocked, you freeze. Then the tone is played alone and you freeze.

What is this an example of?

A

fear conditioning

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What technique would you use to test whether babies can differential between a circle and a square?

A

keep flashing circle then suddenly flash square and see if infant regains interest

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

A split brain sees a shape and the hands draw the shape. What is the result?

A

each hand only draws what the opposite visual hemisphere saw

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

A word is flashed to the right visual field. Can he verbalize or draw what he saw?

A

The left hemisphere only receives this information. Can verbalize results because left controls speech.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

A word is flashed to the left visual field. Can he verbalize or draw what he saw?

A

The right hemisphere only receives this information. Can only draw results with LEFT hand because right controls left side of the body.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

If split brain person is flashed 2 words (compound), what will they draw?

A

Word on the left -> right hemisphere
Draw results with LEFT hand
Word on the right -> left hemisphere
After saying the word on the right, his left hand draws that word
Compound word drawn separately

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

If split brain person is flashed 2 words and is asked to choose a picture of the word, which one does he choose?

A

Word on the left -> right hemisphere
Points to this word
Word on the right -> left hemisphere
Makes up explanation related to right word

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

If split brain person is sees a face made of fruit, what would each part see?

Left: fruit Right: face

You try an apple and it is very sour. What building block is this?

sensationY

Your brain translates photons from light waves into an image. What building block is this?

perception

When you put 2 colors against light and shadow, which one will appear light than it actually is?

color under shadow

<----> >----< What illusion is this?

muller-lyer illusion

. / __ \ / __ \ What illusion is this?

ponzo

How can you get a child to eat carrots?

Tell them its from McDonalds

If you tell adults they are drinking wine from an expensive bottle, will it taste better or worse?

better

What is the name of the effect when sound using "Bah" visual looks different when using "Fah" visual

mcgurk effect

If someone shocks you, will it feel more painful if it was unintentional or intentional?

Intentional

We want to study if language can affect our perception of colors. Is this top-down or bottom-up approach?

top-down: judgements and thoughts (higher cognitive processes) influence sensation and perception (lower cognitive processes)

How can you make water look closer to you?

manipulate how thirsty you are

If there is a gift card in front of you, how can you get people to throw shorter distances?

Make the gift card more valuable

When you fall asleep and you wake up suddenly because you think you are falling, during what sleep stage were you in?

1

If you are contemplating what you should or shouldn't do, what structure of the mind is at work?

superego

If you are contemplating what you can or can't I do, what structure of the mind is at work?

ego

What defense mechanism is described: You are unconsciously violent and you end up becoming a surgeon.

sublimation

What defense mechanism is described: You are angry and instead of taking it out on your boss, you kick your dog.

displacement

What defense mechanism is described: Your significant other made you mad and you take it out by being rude to your younger brother.

displacement

What defense mechanism is described: A man may be gay, but that is unacceptable to him so he calls everyone else gay.

projection

Which memory stage is this: You hear a cough.

sensory memory

Which memory stage is this: If someone is talking and you are not paying attention, and they what did they just say, what can you recall and from where?

last few words, sensory memory

Which memory stage is this: You hear a cough and you are told to count them.

short-term memory

What phenomenon is happening? Background scene slowly changes and you do not notice although you are paying attention.

change blindness

What strategy do phone numbers use to make them more memorable?

chunking

In a list of 20 words, which ones are least remembered?

middle

In a list of 20 words, which ones are remembered the most?

first words (in long-term) then last words (in short-term)

How can you use depth-of-processing to remember words better?

focus on the meaning of the word rather than how it sounds

If you remember something in your bedroom but forget when you go to the bathroom, how can you remember what it was again?

try to go back to the place you remembered it, bedroom

You are given a list of words: green, apple, water, drink, smoothie You falsely remember that food was on the list. What is this effect?

deese-roediger-mcdermot experimental paradigm

There is a group of people aged 19, 40 and 70. Rank happiness based on trends (U-bend).

70 > 19 > 40

in the long-term, are lottery winners and accident victims happy?

yes

You keep chasing happy things and buying things to try to be happier but in the end your happiness is the same as before. What is this effect called?

hedonic treadmill

What measure of happiness it this: How happy are you?

emotional

What measure of happiness it this: How satisfied with life are you?

cognitive

70K while others make 65K 75K while others make 80K Which option do people usually take and why?

the first one, people prefer to make more than others

After hearing the clock ticking so often, you get used to it and do not pay attention to it anymore. What type of learning is this?

habitual

After wearing a ring for so long, you stop feeling it on your finger. What type of learning is this?

sensory adaptation (NOT HABITUAL, biological)

After you keep getting shocked, you freeze. Then the tone is played alone and you freeze because you associate the tone with the shock. What type of learning is this?

classical conditioning

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. What aspect of this is the unconditioned stimulus?

food

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. What aspect of this is the unconditioned response?

salivation in response to food

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. What aspect of this is the conditioned stimulus?

bell

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. What aspect of this is the conditioned response?

salivation in response to bell

If you associate the ringing of bell with a shock, how can you unlearn this association?

have bell ring and not get shocked

Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. If change the tone of the bell, how will this affect their response?

more similar tones will cause most response more dissimilar tones will cause less response

How can you get rid of a spider phobia?

repeatedly expose person to spiders that will not cause fear response

A cat is trapped in a box and is rewarded when he gets out when pressing lever. The time it takes for the cat to press the lever decreases. What type of learning of this?

operant conditioning

If an animal is standing on a pad that shocks them, and they press a lever that stops the shock, is this positive, negative reinforcement or punishment?

negative reinforcement

If an animal presses a lever, it will shock them, and they learn not to press it. Is this positive, negative reinforcement or punishment?

punishment

You get free coffee after 10 purchase. What partial reinforcement is this?

fixed ratio

You get free coffee after 10 or 5 of 3 purchases at random. What partial reinforcement is this?

variable ratio

You get free coffee after 10 hours of work. What partial reinforcement is this?

fixed interval

What partial reinforcement is gambling (slot machines)?

variable interval

How can you get a crying baby to sleep?

ignore it (ferber method), if you pick it up they will be on a partial reinforcement schedule

which emotion is easiest to recognize across culture

happiness then surprise

which emotion is hardest to recognize across culture

sadness

if you look at children books in asian culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?

calm, relaxed

if you look at children books in european culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?

high arousal, positive smiles

if you look at children books in russian culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?

both negative and positive

What is the difference between disagreeing about flavored ice cream versus disagreeing about murder?

we believe one is fundamentally, morally wrong

Which of the following would people agree that diversity is not desirable for? Ethnicity Views on gun control SES Views on abortion

Views on gun control and abortion

What phenomenon is this: Science discovers that evolution can explain sexual assault and people interpret it as a justification for behavior.

naturalistic fallacy

What example of empathy is this? You shrink back your own leg and feel pain when someone else's leg gets hurt.

instinctive empathy

Are you more likely to feel empathy for someone who broke their leg in front of you or from reading a story about it?

in front of you

What phenomenon occurs when you think in basketball, the person should pass the ball to someone who has made 5 shots in a row?

hot hand effect

what is the effect when you think the coin should be heads after 10 tails in a row?

gamblers fallacy

You believe that geese are better than ducks. You hear good facts about both of them. Which facts are you more likely to remember?

facts about geese

If you want someone to pick the most expensive car painting choice, when would you present the default as the most expensive?

at the end of the meeting

Why do we see 5 heads in a row as not random?

clustering illusion

Why do we see multiple songs from a playlist in a row as NOT random?

clustering illusion

How can you test a stereotype that elderly people are bad at driving?

pay attention to good driving and bad driving for both old and young

what is the average IQ score

100

Who will have better fluid intelligence: college student or grandma

college student

what does it mean when 80% of IQ is heritable

80% of the variation of IQ is due to genetic variation in a population

You are told to determine sentence for someone in prison. You do it in a group. How would your conclusion as a group differ individually? What effect is this?

conclusion made as group more extreme; higher sentence group polarization

You are meant to debate on if guns should be allowed. How will this affect people with mild opinions? What effect is this?

people will leave with more extreme attitudes, attitude polarizaiton

If we wear a shirt with a stain on it, how will the spotlight effect influence how we think other people behaved?

we would think more people saw it than they actually did

why do we fill our bag up more than what we need

we are overconfident in our predictions of our own performance

Someone with little experience driving will think they are a great driver. What effect is this?

dunning-kruger effect

If you show a child from ages 2 - 6 a clay ball being stretched out, will they claim that the ball or sausage is longer?

sausage (conservation problem)

If a glass of water is poured into a taller, thinner glass, children below age 7 generally say what?

there is more water

What is the phenomenon occurring when we think losing 100 dollars is worse than gaining 100 dollars? We are less risky with losing money.

loss aversion

If someone sees a person tripping and falling, they might attribute the fall to the person's clumsiness or lack of coordination (internal factors) rather than considering that the floor might have been slippery (external factor). What phenomenon is this?

fundamental attribution error

If we show the right hemisphere a picture and ask the split brain patient what she saw, what will they say?

nothing because left side controls speech

What is causing us to not see all the tiny scratches on the lenses of our glasses?

sensory adaptation

Why dont we feel the weight of our clothes?

sensory adaptation

What effect is this: walking more slowly after solving a puzzle with the answer being grandma

priming

What type of attention is needed: searching task

sustained attention to maintain focus

What type of attention is needed: focusing on the speed meter on a car

spatial attention

once you have learned a new mobile number, it is often very difficult to recall your old number. what effect

retroactive interference (new information causes you to forget old)