Examples Flashcards
How is this problematic in science?
When you are sitting at a red light, you state that the reason it turns green it is because someone was thinking about it.
Unfalsifiable
No counterargument; cannot prove someone was not thinking about it.
How is this problematic in science?
You ignore certain observations in the data that are extreme.
sloppy methods
What data collection method is this?
Asking how happy are you?
self-report
You sit on playground and document which kids are playing in groups or alone.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Observational, field, behavior
You use hidden cameras in the lab to watch subjects while they work on a puzzle.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Observational, lab, behavior
You see how much children communicate randomly assigned to competitive game and cooperative game and ask how they feel about their partner.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Experimental, lab, self-report
You go in someones room and document how their room looks.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Observational, field, behavior
You observe children who already play videogames and see violent behavior.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Observational, field, behavior
You randomly assign people to consume violent media and measure proxy (aggressive tasks).
Describe 3 parts of study.
Experimental, lab, behavior
You randomly assign people to step on shapa scale and normal scale, and you assess numbers from app.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Experiment, field, behavior
You randomly assign researcher to stand X amount away from participant, and you time it takes to pee.
Describe 3 parts of study.
Experimental, field, behavior
operational definition of violent media
media in any form that involves physical (contact) or verbal abuse as a result of aggressive intentions
Which 6 levels of analysis is this?
Does violent behavior provide advantage in survival?
Evolution
Which 6 levels of analysis is this?
What neural mechanisms are associated with violent behavior?
biological
Which 6 levels of analysis is this?
Do certain cultures encourage violence?
culture
Which 6 levels of analysis is this?
At what age does violence emerge?
developmental
Which 6 levels of analysis is this?
Are certain traits are associated with violence?
individual differences
After you keep getting shocked, you freeze. Then the tone is played alone and you freeze.
What is this an example of?
fear conditioning
What technique would you use to test whether babies can differential between a circle and a square?
keep flashing circle then suddenly flash square and see if infant regains interest
A split brain sees a shape and the hands draw the shape. What is the result?
each hand only draws what the opposite visual hemisphere saw
A word is flashed to the right visual field. Can he verbalize or draw what he saw?
The left hemisphere only receives this information. Can verbalize results because left controls speech.
A word is flashed to the left visual field. Can he verbalize or draw what he saw?
The right hemisphere only receives this information. Can only draw results with LEFT hand because right controls left side of the body.
If split brain person is flashed 2 words (compound), what will they draw?
Word on the left -> right hemisphere
Draw results with LEFT hand
Word on the right -> left hemisphere
After saying the word on the right, his left hand draws that word
Compound word drawn separately
If split brain person is flashed 2 words and is asked to choose a picture of the word, which one does he choose?
Word on the left -> right hemisphere
Points to this word
Word on the right -> left hemisphere
Makes up explanation related to right word
If split brain person is sees a face made of fruit, what would each part see?
Left: fruit
Right: face
You try an apple and it is very sour. What building block is this?
sensationY
Your brain translates photons from light waves into an image. What building block is this?
perception
When you put 2 colors against light and shadow, which one will appear light than it actually is?
color under shadow
<—->
>—-<
What illusion is this?
muller-lyer illusion
. / __ \
/ __ \
What illusion is this?
ponzo
How can you get a child to eat carrots?
Tell them its from McDonalds
If you tell adults they are drinking wine from an expensive bottle, will it taste better or worse?
better
What is the name of the effect when sound using “Bah” visual looks different when using “Fah” visual
mcgurk effect
If someone shocks you, will it feel more painful if it was unintentional or intentional?
Intentional
We want to study if language can affect our perception of colors. Is this top-down or bottom-up approach?
top-down: judgements and thoughts (higher cognitive processes) influence sensation and perception (lower cognitive processes)
How can you make water look closer to you?
manipulate how thirsty you are
If there is a gift card in front of you, how can you get people to throw shorter distances?
Make the gift card more valuable
When you fall asleep and you wake up suddenly because you think you are falling, during what sleep stage were you in?
1
If you are contemplating what you should or shouldn’t do, what structure of the mind is at work?
superego
If you are contemplating what you can or can’t I do, what structure of the mind is at work?
ego
What defense mechanism is described:
You are unconsciously violent and you end up becoming a surgeon.
sublimation
What defense mechanism is described:
You are angry and instead of taking it out on your boss, you kick your dog.
displacement
What defense mechanism is described:
Your significant other made you mad and you take it out by being rude to your younger brother.
displacement
What defense mechanism is described:
A man may be gay, but that is unacceptable to him so he calls everyone else gay.
projection
Which memory stage is this:
You hear a cough.
sensory memory
Which memory stage is this:
If someone is talking and you are not paying attention, and they what did they just say, what can you recall and from where?
last few words, sensory memory
Which memory stage is this:
You hear a cough and you are told to count them.
short-term memory
What phenomenon is happening?
Background scene slowly changes and you do not notice although you are paying attention.
change blindness
What strategy do phone numbers use to make them more memorable?
chunking
In a list of 20 words, which ones are least remembered?
middle
In a list of 20 words, which ones are remembered the most?
first words (in long-term) then last words (in short-term)
How can you use depth-of-processing to remember words better?
focus on the meaning of the word rather than how it sounds
If you remember something in your bedroom but forget when you go to the bathroom, how can you remember what it was again?
try to go back to the place you remembered it, bedroom
You are given a list of words: green, apple, water, drink, smoothie
You falsely remember that food was on the list. What is this effect?
deese-roediger-mcdermot experimental paradigm
There is a group of people aged 19, 40 and 70. Rank happiness based on trends (U-bend).
70 > 19 > 40
in the long-term, are lottery winners and accident victims happy?
yes
You keep chasing happy things and buying things to try to be happier but in the end your happiness is the same as before. What is this effect called?
hedonic treadmill
What measure of happiness it this:
How happy are you?
emotional
What measure of happiness it this:
How satisfied with life are you?
cognitive
70K while others make 65K
75K while others make 80K
Which option do people usually take and why?
the first one, people prefer to make more than others
After hearing the clock ticking so often, you get used to it and do not pay attention to it anymore.
What type of learning is this?
habitual
After wearing a ring for so long, you stop feeling it on your finger.
What type of learning is this?
sensory adaptation (NOT HABITUAL, biological)
After you keep getting shocked, you freeze. Then the tone is played alone and you freeze because you associate the tone with the shock.
What type of learning is this?
classical conditioning
Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.
What aspect of this is the unconditioned stimulus?
food
Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.
What aspect of this is the unconditioned response?
salivation in response to food
Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.
What aspect of this is the conditioned stimulus?
bell
Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell.
What aspect of this is the conditioned response?
salivation in response to bell
If you associate the ringing of bell with a shock, how can you unlearn this association?
have bell ring and not get shocked
Dogs salivate when they see food. After ringing a bell to signal food was coming, dogs started to salivate when they heard the bell. If change the tone of the bell, how will this affect their response?
more similar tones will cause most response
more dissimilar tones will cause less response
How can you get rid of a spider phobia?
repeatedly expose person to spiders that will not cause fear response
A cat is trapped in a box and is rewarded when he gets out when pressing lever. The time it takes for the cat to press the lever decreases.
What type of learning of this?
operant conditioning
If an animal is standing on a pad that shocks them, and they press a lever that stops the shock, is this positive, negative reinforcement or punishment?
negative reinforcement
If an animal presses a lever, it will shock them, and they learn not to press it. Is this positive, negative reinforcement or punishment?
punishment
You get free coffee after 10 purchase. What partial reinforcement is this?
fixed ratio
You get free coffee after 10 or 5 of 3 purchases at random. What partial reinforcement is this?
variable ratio
You get free coffee after 10 hours of work. What partial reinforcement is this?
fixed interval
What partial reinforcement is gambling (slot machines)?
variable interval
How can you get a crying baby to sleep?
ignore it (ferber method), if you pick it up they will be on a partial reinforcement schedule
which emotion is easiest to recognize across culture
happiness then surprise
which emotion is hardest to recognize across culture
sadness
if you look at children books in asian culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?
calm, relaxed
if you look at children books in european culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?
high arousal, positive smiles
if you look at children books in russian culture, how state would the characters most likely be in?
both negative and positive
What is the difference between disagreeing about flavored ice cream versus disagreeing about murder?
we believe one is fundamentally, morally wrong
Which of the following would people agree that diversity is not desirable for?
Ethnicity
Views on gun control
SES
Views on abortion
Views on gun control and abortion
What phenomenon is this: Science discovers that evolution can explain sexual assault and people interpret it as a justification for behavior.
naturalistic fallacy
What example of empathy is this?
You shrink back your own leg and feel pain when someone else’s leg gets hurt.
instinctive empathy
Are you more likely to feel empathy for someone who broke their leg in front of you or from reading a story about it?
in front of you
What phenomenon occurs when you think in basketball, the person should pass the ball to someone who has made 5 shots in a row?
hot hand effect
what is the effect when you think the coin should be heads after 10 tails in a row?
gamblers fallacy
You believe that geese are better than ducks. You hear good facts about both of them. Which facts are you more likely to remember?
facts about geese
If you want someone to pick the most expensive car painting choice, when would you present the default as the most expensive?
at the end of the meeting
Why do we see 5 heads in a row as not random?
clustering illusion
Why do we see multiple songs from a playlist in a row as NOT random?
clustering illusion
How can you test a stereotype that elderly people are bad at driving?
pay attention to good driving and bad driving for both old and young
what is the average IQ score
100
Who will have better fluid intelligence: college student or grandma
college student
what does it mean when 80% of IQ is heritable
80% of the variation of IQ is due to genetic variation in a population
You are told to determine sentence for someone in prison. You do it in a group. How would your conclusion as a group differ individually? What effect is this?
conclusion made as group more extreme; higher sentence
group polarization
You are meant to debate on if guns should be allowed. How will this affect people with mild opinions? What effect is this?
people will leave with more extreme attitudes, attitude polarizaiton
If we wear a shirt with a stain on it, how will the spotlight effect influence how we think other people behaved?
we would think more people saw it than they actually did
why do we fill our bag up more than what we need
we are overconfident in our predictions of our own performance
Someone with little experience driving will think they are a great driver. What effect is this?
dunning-kruger effect
If you show a child from ages 2 - 6 a clay ball being stretched out, will they claim that the ball or sausage is longer?
sausage (conservation problem)
If a glass of water is poured into a taller, thinner glass, children below age 7 generally say what?
there is more water
What is the phenomenon occurring when we think losing 100 dollars is worse than gaining 100 dollars? We are less risky with losing money.
loss aversion
If someone sees a person tripping and falling, they might attribute the fall to the person’s clumsiness or lack of coordination (internal factors) rather than considering that the floor might have been slippery (external factor).
What phenomenon is this?
fundamental attribution error
If we show the right hemisphere a picture and ask the split brain patient what she saw, what will they say?
nothing because left side controls speech
What is causing us to not see all the tiny scratches on the lenses of our glasses?
sensory adaptation
Why dont we feel the weight of our clothes?
sensory adaptation
What effect is this: walking more slowly after solving a puzzle with the answer being grandma
priming
What type of attention is needed: searching task
sustained attention to maintain focus
What type of attention is needed: focusing on the speed meter on a car
spatial attention
once you have learned a new mobile number, it is often very difficult to recall your old number.
what effect
retroactive interference (new information causes you to forget old)
