Sensation and perception Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

physical process when sensory organs respond to external stimuli

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2
Q

perception

A

psychological process where brain interprets sensory information into useful infomation

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3
Q

transduction

A

transforming external stimuli into energy for the brain to understand
- sensation

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4
Q

light or a sound wave is converted into a form of energy the brain can understand

A

transduction

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5
Q

building blocks of the mind

A

sensation, perception, attention, memory

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6
Q

is our perception or sensation accurate?

A

not really, we do not see everything (we can only see visible light)

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7
Q

does sensation vary across people (how)

A

yes
- supertasters more sensitive to stronger flavors, have more papillae on tongue
- colorblind people

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8
Q

categories of perception

A

identification and categorization

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9
Q

visual perception

A

mind automatically makes certain assumptions about environment (color, shadows and depth) to help us see accurately despite having limited data to work with

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10
Q

how does shadows affect visual perception

A

shadows make surfaces darker, so we see colors against shadows to be light than they actually are

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11
Q

how do we determine what is an object

A

proximity: dots close together -> group
similarity: texture
closure: complete shapes/boundaries (overlapping circle and square)
good continuation (two lines over lapping)
common movement

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12
Q

cues of depth

A

haze/blurriness (further objects are blurrier)
binocular: both eyes
monocular

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13
Q

binocular disparity

A

images give slightly different information to each eye that allows us to perceive depth

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14
Q

convergence

A

at close distances, how much your eye is crossed gives the brain information about depth

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15
Q

muller-lyer illusion

A

<—->
>—-<
inward pointing lines signify horizontal line is closer so it looks shorter
bottom line looks longer because it also looks farther

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16
Q

ponzo illusion

A

. / __ \
/ __ \

Because we know things converge in the distance, top line looks further away and therefore shorter

17
Q

motion parallax

A

objects in the foreground move at different speeds (faster) than objects in the background (slower)

18
Q

shepard’s table illusion

A

tables at 45 degree angles are actually same dimensions

19
Q

Ebbinghaus illusion

A

6 dots of different size and distance make center dots look different sizes

20
Q

how do your expectations alter your taste?

A

if you think something is coming from a better place or color (red dyed), it will taste better

21
Q

why is our perception limited

A

it would be overwhelming and would make no different for our survival

22
Q

heuristics

A

brain uses shortcuts to give useful picture of environment and takes context into account

23
Q

why is perception not perfect

A

because brain uses shortcuts and we consider visual context such as shadows, surroundings

24
Q

how can visual cues shape auditory perception / describe mcgurk effect

A

: because visual and auditory systems work together to provide information, if they are conflicting, the system providing more information will combine or override effect

25
top-down meaning
judgements and thoughts (higher cognitive processes) influence sensation and perception (lower cognitive processes)
26
bottom-up meaning
sensation and perception (lower cognitive processes) influence judgements and thoughts (higher cognitive processes)
27
Linguistic relativity/spair-whorf hypothesis
the view that language we speak constrains perception and cogniton
28
do we all see the same colors across cultures?
yes but linguistic color categories shape color cognition language influences how we categorize, remember and differentiation between colors
29
What do all languages have in color with color categorization?
2 categories: black and white 3 categories: red 4 and 5 categories: green or yellow
30
Do coin size differ by socioeconomic status? State prediction and result
Prediction: poor children value currency more, so coins might like loom large result matched prediction
31
In binocular rivalry, how can you get someone to see one number over another letter?
tell them they are going to get a reward
32
Are desirable things perceived to be closer?
Yes
33
If you go on a jog and estimate how steep a hill is, will think it is more steep or less steep after?
More because you are tired
34
just noticeable difference
threshold you can tell the difference between 2 stimuli