Attention and Memory Flashcards
attention
acts as filter and highlighter
we focus on certain information at expense of other information
usually effortless and involuntary
pushes sensory memory into short-term
highly superior autobiographical memory
memories and events that are connected to their life; know details of all days of life
from early on, they have obsessive traits
savants
autistic, memorize large pieces of information
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories
memory
processing of information
stages of memory
- encoding: acquire information
- storage: store information
- retrieval: retrieve information when needed
atikinson and shiffrin model of memory
sensory input
1. sensory memory (unattended information is lost)
2. -[attention]-> short-term memory (unrehearsed information is lost)
3. -[encoding]-> long-term memory (some information lost over time)
how many chunks can your short-term memory remember
7 (+/- 2) chunks
Describe stroop task
color of color-words are different (word RED is colored blue)
interference causes greater attention
emotional stroops task
more emotionally stimulating words (curse words) causes greater attention
dichotic listening task
each ear receives different audio, cannot process both
easy to shift attention and encode information
demonstrates voluntary nature of attention capacity
cocktail party effect
if your name is spoken in a noisy room it captures your attention
involuntary attention gets name from sensory to short-term
does short-term or long-term memory have limited storage capacity
short-term
misdirection
exploiting human attention (usually by physical touch)
change/inattentive blindness
something right in front of you changes in a way you dont notice although you are paying attention
semantic long-term memory
facts, meanings
episodic long-term memory
events that happen to you, autobiographical
retrograde amnesia
forget episodic long-term memory (forget who they are, their name)
serial position effect
primary: initial items are stored in long-term memory more efficiently
recency: last items still in working/short-term memory
middle recalled the least
mnemonic strategies
rhymes, acronyms, methods of loci (associating items with physical location, activates hippocampus), depth-of-processing (focus on meaning)
how does physiological context aid memory
mood-dependent: better recall things in the mood that you learn them in
state-dependent: alcohol intoxication
Does the environment you learn a list of words in improve if you recall them in the same environment?
yes, learning words underwater are better at recalling words underwater (scuba study)
How can you show that 2 words or concepts are closely related?
test time it takes to recognize an associated word compared to a fake word
Deese-roediger-mcdermot experimental paradigm
- given list of words
- ask if certain words or those associated were on list
