Personality

Question 1

big 5 personality traits

Answer 1

openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)

Question 2

requirements for personality traits

Answer 2

consistency, stability over time, individual differences

Question 3

describe openness to experience

Answer 3

tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings and behaviors

Question 4

describe conscientiousness

Answer 4

tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules and be hardworking

Question 5

describe neuroticism

Answer 5

tendency to frequently experience negative emotions

Question 6

describe extraversion

Answer 6

tendency to be talkative, sociable and enjoy others

Question 7

describe agreeableness

Answer 7

tendency to agree with others rather than asserting own opinions

Question 8

best way to measure personality

Answer 8

objective over projective

Question 9

projective tests

Answer 9

have people interpret ambiguous stimuli as window into personality, assuming people will reveal motives and wishes

Question 10

what is required for a good measurement

Answer 10

reliable/repeatable measurement, accurate

Question 11

Rorschach Inkblot

Answer 11

projective tests, shows random inkblock

Question 12

thematic apperception test

Answer 12

projective test; have people describe picture

Question 13

objective tests

Answer 13

questionnaire measuring big 5; predicts real-world behavior

Question 14

problems with myers-briggs

Answer 14

forces you into category, does not measure big 5

Question 15

good way to measure personality observationally

Answer 15

observe spaces like dorms and bedrooms, media profiles

Question 16

how we arrived at 5 big personality characteristics

Answer 16

lexical hypothesis: groups terms in language that describe personality or traits

Question 17

big 5 + 1: HEXACO

Answer 17

looking across languages, extra factor is honesty-humility

Question 18

someone who likes to go to new restaurants and tries new haircuts is likely to be high in which big 5?

Answer 18

openness to experience

Question 19

someone who has narrow interests, less imaginative and likes routine is likely to be low in which big 5?

Answer 19

openness to experience

Question 20

someone who is neat, organized and follows rules is likely to be high in which big 5?

Answer 20

conscientiousness

Question 21

someone who is disorganized and less likely to plan is likely to be low in which big 5?

Answer 21

conscientiousness

Question 22

someone who is worries about things and insecure is likely to be high in which big 5?

Answer 22

neuroticism

Question 23

someone who is does not get irritated about things and is calm is likely to be low in which big 5?

Answer 23

neuroticism

Question 24

someone who is talkative and social is likely to be high in which big 5?

Answer 24

extraversion

Question 25

someone who would rather stay home likely to be low in which big 5?

Answer 25

extraversion

Question 26

someone who is forgiving, trusting likely to be high in which big 5?

Answer 26

agreeableness

Question 27

someone who is irritable and uncooperative likely to be low in which big 5?

Answer 27

agreeableness

Question 28

dark triad

Answer 28

manipulativeness, narcissism, psychopathy -> low agreeableness

Question 29

how to measure narcissism

Answer 29

are you are narcissist? yes: narcissists

Question 30

when does personality change the most

Answer 30

early in age; stabilizes over time

Question 31

how to better predict personality

Answer 31

ask more specific questions about situations

Question 32

which trait is associated with less cheating on partner

Answer 32

conscientiousness

Question 33

which trait is associated with conservatives and which one liberal

Answer 33

c: conscientiousness l: openness to experience

Question 34

what can overpower personality differences

Answer 34

pressure

Question 35

where do personality traits come from

Answer 35

biological differences (also observed in animals) to approaching/extraversion and avoidance/neuroticism

Question 36

galen's temperaments / humors

Answer 36

influence personality; blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm

Question 37

dimensions of temperatment

Answer 37

activity level, impulsivity, positive/negative emotionality

Question 38

how to study temperament in infants

Answer 38

dangle toys and measure responses / distress; for older children ask to give a speech and measure cortisol

Question 39

stability of temperament

Answer 39

about 20% of extremes stayed, rest drifted towards middle; most do not switch

Question 40

what does temperament predict

Answer 40

resting heart rate, negative emotion to novelty, startle responses

Question 41

heterotypic stability

Answer 41

stability in underlying personality attributes (temperament )

Question 42

homotypic stability

Answer 42

stability in observed personality attributes

Question 43

differential stability

Answer 43

stability relative to others (rank-order)

Question 44

absolute stability

Answer 44

stability measured on personality test

Question 45

over time, how do personality traits change (absolute)

Answer 45

we become more extraverted, agreeable, conscientious and less neurotic and less open to experience

Question 46

how stable is personality among children

Answer 46

not as stable

Question 47

how stable is personality among adults

Answer 47

more than among children

Question 48

most stable personality traits over years

Answer 48

extraversion, conscientiousness and openness

Question 49

which personality trait is most predictive of helping behavior

Answer 49

agreeableness