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PSYCH 1101 > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

neuroscience vs. psychology

A

neuro: study of brain (functions)
psych: study of mind (how brain works to inform the mind)

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2
Q

astonishing hypothesis

A

mental activities are due to behavior of nerve cells

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3
Q

philosophical dualism

A

nature of the mind is different from the body

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4
Q

intuitive dualism

A

we occupy bodies so thinking of the mind and bodies should be natural

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5
Q

localization

A

certain parts of the brain are responsible for different functions

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6
Q

types of neurons

A

sensory, motor, interneurons

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7
Q

how did they discover how many neurons there are

A

took brain and put into blender to average neuron distribution, sampled and counted 86 million

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8
Q

how is intensity of neuron measured

A

number of neurons firing and frequency of firing

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9
Q

outline path of signal

A

dendrites -> axon covered in myelin sheath -> axon terminal

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10
Q

what is a neurotransmitter

A

chemical messengers that send signals across neurons
can be excitatory (more likely to fire) or inhibitory (less likely to fire)

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11
Q

acetylcholine

A

stimulates muscle movement, memory, arousal, attention and mood

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12
Q

dopamine

A

1/4 monoamines
excite and inhibit
reinforcement learning, attention, movement, reward, pleasure, addition

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13
Q

serotonin

A

mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, appetite

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14
Q

noreiphephrine/noradrenaline

A

eating habits, alertness, wakefulness, fight-or-flight

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15
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

main inhibitory neurotransmitter
low levels = anxiety

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16
Q

endorphins

A

relief from pain or stress of exercise, pleasure of eating, well-being

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17
Q

beta blocker drugs

A

blocks target chemicals for anxiety noreiphephrine (fight and flight)

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18
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

increase serotonin by inhibiting the reuptake of

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19
Q

agonist drugs

A

bind to receptors to produce a similar response

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20
Q

antagonist

A

binds to receptors to inhibit a response

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21
Q

how drugs increase neurotransmitters

A

influence chemical precursor of transmitter substance to increase production of neurotransmitter
drug prevents storage of transmitters in vesicles, increasing neurotransmitter floating around

22
Q

how drugs decrease neurotransmitters

A

inhibit or stimulate release of transmitter substance
block postsynaptic receptors

23
Q

amphetamine

A

take up space in vesicles
increase dopamine outside

24
Q

drugs that boost dopamine

A

cocaine and amphetamine

25
Q

how does amphetamine psychosis arise

A

delusions and hallucinations resulting from too much dopamine

26
Q

how can schizophrenia be improved (hallucinations and delusions)

A

using drugs that reduce dopamine

27
Q

how does tardive dyskinesia arise

A

uncontrollable shaking from too little dopamine

28
Q

how can Parkinsons be improved (uncontrollable movement)

A

increasing levels of dopamine (cocaine)

29
Q

what part of brain is responsible for speech

A

Broca’s area

30
Q

what part of the brain is responsible for language comprehension

A

wernicke’s area

31
Q

what part of brain is responsible for memory and hearing

A

temporal lobe (hippocampus)

32
Q

what part of brain is responsible for vision

A

occipital lobe

33
Q

what part of brain is responsible for body sensations and visual attention

A

parietal lobe

34
Q

what part of brain is responsible for motor movement and problem-solving

A

frontal lobe

35
Q

what part of brain is responsible for voluntary muscles

A

motor area

36
Q

what part of brain is responsible for skin sensations

A

sensory area

37
Q

what part of brain is responsible for consciousness and heart-rate

A

brain stem

38
Q

what part of brain is responsible for posture and balance

A

cerebellum

39
Q

neuroplasticity

A

changes in physical structure and functional organization of brain due to experience
learning causes neurons that fire and wire together

40
Q

other evidence for neuroplasticity

A

after brain damage, another part of the brain picks up that function
changes in amygdala due to post-traumatic stress
greater when younger

41
Q

what is the left hemisphere responsible for

A

numbers, language, speech, scientific skills, right-hand, reasoning

42
Q

what is right hemisphere responsible for

A

3D, art and music awareness, imagination, left-hand, face recognition

43
Q

corpus callosum

A

bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres

44
Q

what is function lateralization

A

function dominance in one hemisphere of the brain over the other

45
Q

what is contralateral mean

A

one side of brain controls OTHER side of body

46
Q

why do we have 2 hemispheres

A

we are bilateral

47
Q

sensory information in your right visual field gets went to where

A

left hemisphere

48
Q

seizure or epilepsy

A

abnormal brain cell activity (electrical storm)

49
Q

implications of identity of split brain

A

both parts of brain contribute to identity

50
Q

4 parts of central nervous system

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord

51
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

somatic (volitional actions) and autonomic nervous systems (involuntary)

PSYCH 1101 (16 decks)

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