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PSY3032 > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

a disorder characterized by abnormal or unusual behavior of the nervous system during sleep

A

Parasomnia

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2
Q

Definition

a family of sleep disorders affecting (among other bodily processes) the timing of sleep. People with these types of disorders are unable to go to sleep and awaken at the times commonly required for work and school as well as social needs

A

Circadian rhythm disorder

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3
Q

What are the sleep hygiene treatments for narcolepsy?

A

Prophylactic short naps

Regular sleep hours

Management of:

  • Sleep deprivation
  • Caffeine/alcohol
  • Exercise
  • Emotions
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4
Q

What are some precipitating factors for insomnia?

A

Major life event

Medical condition

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5
Q

Definition

the act or state of walking, eating, or performing other motor acts while asleep, of which one is unaware upon awakening. Also known as somnambulism

A

Sleep walking

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6
Q

Over 60% of people with major depression experience symptoms of which sleep disorder?

A

Insomnia

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7
Q

Before 2015, what were the insomnia sub-types?

A

Primary insomnia

Secondary insomnia

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8
Q

Define

Shift work sleep disorder

A

a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period

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9
Q

What is a major concern of REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A

Injury - to themselves or their partner

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10
Q

Definition

lying face upward

A

Supine

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11
Q

What is primary insomnia?

A

Insomnia not associated with a known physical or psychological disorder

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12
Q

Definition

a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite

A

Hypocretin

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13
Q

What is sleep paralysis linked to?

A

Hypertension

Narcolepsy

Seizure

Anxiety

Sleep disturbance

Insufficient sleep

Jetlag

Shift work

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14
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for sleep terrors?

A
  • Abrupt “awakening” from sleep
  • Episodes accompanied by intense fear and autonomic response
  • Unresponsiveness to wake or comfort
  • No recall of dream
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15
Q

What are the DSM-5 criteria for Circadian Rhythm Disorder?

A
  • Persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule required
  • Sleep disruption leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia or both
  • Sleep disruption causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning
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16
Q

Define

Sleep walking

A

the act or state of walking, eating, or performing other motor acts while asleep, of which one is unaware upon awakening. Also known as somnambulism

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17
Q

Label this image

A
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18
Q

What are the types of Circadian Rhythm Disorders?

A

Shift work sleep disorder

Irregular sleep-wake pattern

Delayed sleep phase syndrome

Advanced sleep phase syndrome

Non-24-h sleep wake disorder

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19
Q

What treatment is used for sleep terrors?

A

Reduction in activity before bed

Prevent overheating

Do not wake someone when having a night terror

Make sure the person is safe

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20
Q

Define

Free-running

A

a sleep pattern that is not adjusted (entrained) to the 24-hour cycle in nature nor to any artificial cycle. It occurs as the sleep disorder non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder or artificially as part of experiments used in the study of circadian and other rhythms in biology

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21
Q

What are the DSM-5 criteria for Insomnia Disorder?

A
  • Predominant complaint of: Initiation, Maintenance, Early morning awakening
  • Clinically significant distress/impairment in social/cognitive/occupational functioning
  • Sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 times/week
  • Sleep difficulty present for at least 3 months
  • Sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep
  • Distrubance is not due to another sleep disorder
  • Disturbance is not due to a mental disorder, substance, and/or general medical condition
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22
Q

Define

Parasomnia

A

a disorder characterized by abnormal or unusual behavior of the nervous system during sleep

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23
Q

What parasomnias are disorders from REM?

A

REM sleep behavioural disorder

Nightmare disorder

Sleep paralysis

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24
Q

Define

Psychophysiological

A

the branch of physiology that is concerned with the relationship between mental (psyche) and physical (physiological) processes; it is the scientific study of the interaction between mind and body

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25
Q
A
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26
Q

Define

Narcolepsy

A

a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings

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27
Q

Definition

A frightening form of paralysis that occurs when a person suddenly finds himself or herself unable to move for a few minutes, most often upon falling asleep or waking up. It is due to an irregularity in passing between the stages of sleep and wakefulness

A

Sleep paralysis

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28
Q

Definition

a sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares. The nightmares, which often portray the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or personal safety, usually occur during the REM stages of sleep

A

Nightmare disorder

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29
Q

Definition

a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings

A

Narcolepsy

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30
Q

Define

Hypnopompic

A

relating to the state immediately preceding waking up

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31
Q

Define

Enuresis

A

involuntary urination, especially by children at night

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32
Q

Definition

a sudden and uncontrollable muscle weakness or paralysis that comes on during the day and is often triggered by a strong emotion, such as excitement or laughter

A

Cataplaxy

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33
Q

How are Circadian Rhythm Disorders treated?

A

Chronotherapeutic approach:

Bright light exposure

Melatonin administration

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34
Q

Definition

a sleep pattern that is not adjusted (entrained) to the 24-hour cycle in nature nor to any artificial cycle. It occurs as the sleep disorder non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder or artificially as part of experiments used in the study of circadian and other rhythms in biology

A

Free-running

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35
Q

Definition

a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep

A

REM sleep behaviour disorder

36
Q

Definition

a rare form of circadian rhythm sleep disorder. It is characterized by numerous naps throughout the 24-hour period, no main nighttime sleep episode and irregularity from day to day. Sufferers have no pattern of when they are awake or asleep, may have poor quality sleep, and often may be very sleepy while they are awake

A

Irregular sleep-wake pattern disorder

37
Q

How is narcolepsy cured?

A

It can’t be cured

38
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A
  • Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviour
  • Behaviours arise in REM sleep and occur more than 90 minutes after sleep onset, later in the sleep episode, and uncommon during naps
  • The individual is awake and alert and is not confused or disoriented
  • Either:
    • REM sleep without atonia
    • History suggestive of REM sleep behaivour disorder and/or established disorders (i.e. Parkinson’s disease)
  • Behavioral clinical distress and impairment
  • Not attributable to any other disorder
39
Q

Define

Advanced sleep phase syndrome

A

a disruption of the circadian rhythm, causing the afflicted to go to sleep earlier than normal & wake up earlier than normal

40
Q

True or False:

30% of the population experiences symptoms of insominia

A

True

41
Q

Definition

a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period

A

Shift work sleep disorder

42
Q

Define

Restless legs syndrome

A

a disorder characterized by an unpleasant tickling or twitching sensation in the leg muscles when sitting or lying down, which is relieved only by moving the legs

43
Q

Is gender a factor in the prevalence of parasomnias?

A

Yes, males are more susceptible

44
Q

What are warning signs of a sleep disorder?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Morning headaches

Problems initiating/maintaining sleep

Snoring

Overweight

Bizarre imagery during sleep onset

Not being able to move upon awakening

Partner complaints

45
Q

Definition

the branch of physiology that is concerned with the relationship between mental (psyche) and physical (physiological) processes; it is the scientific study of the interaction between mind and body

A

Psychophysiological

46
Q

What parasomnias are disorders from arousal NREM?

A

Sleepwalking

Night terrors

47
Q

Define

Irregular sleep-wake pattern disorder

A

a rare form of circadian rhythm sleep disorder. It is characterized by numerous naps throughout the 24-hour period, no main nighttime sleep episode and irregularity from day to day. Sufferers have no pattern of when they are awake or asleep, may have poor quality sleep, and often may be very sleepy while they are awake

48
Q

Define

Delayed sleep phase syndrome

A

a disorder in which a person’s sleep is delayed by 2 or more hours beyond the socially acceptable or conventional bedtime. This delay in falling asleep causes difficulty in waking up at the desired time

49
Q

What three diagnostic criteria can be used to diagnose sleep disorders?

A

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

50
Q

Define

Night terrors

A

a form of sleep disorder in which a person partially awakens from sleep in a state of terror

51
Q

Definition

relating to the state immediately before falling asleep

A

Hypnagogic

52
Q

Definition

a sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep

A

Insomnia disorder

53
Q

True or False:

Parasomnias can be associated with any stage of sleep

A

True

54
Q

Definition

a disorder in which a person’s sleep is delayed by 2 or more hours beyond the socially acceptable or conventional bedtime. This delay in falling asleep causes difficulty in waking up at the desired time

A

Delayed sleep phase syndrome

55
Q

What sleep disorder a blind people particularly susceptible to?

A

Non-24-h sleep-wake disorder

56
Q

Define

Sleep paralysis

A

A frightening form of paralysis that occurs when a person suddenly finds himself or herself unable to move for a few minutes, most often upon falling asleep or waking up. It is due to an irregularity in passing between the stages of sleep and wakefulness

57
Q

Define

Hypnagogic

A

relating to the state immediately before falling asleep

58
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for nightmare disorder?

A
  • Repeated occurrence of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams, that generally occur in the second half of the night
  • On awakening, the individual becomes rapidly awake and alert
  • The sleep disturbance causes clinically significant distress in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
  • The nightmare symptoms are not due to any other medical, physical or mental health problem
59
Q

What are the pharmacological treatments for narcolepsy?

A

Stimulants (i.e. adderall)

Xyrem (i.e. GHB)

60
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

Self-sustained, internally generated biological rhythm which, in the organism’s natural environment, is normally synchronised or entrained to the 24-hour day/night cycle

61
Q

What are the types of insomnia (ICSD-10)?

A
  • Psychophysiological
  • Sleep state misperception (paradoxical insomnia)
  • Idiopathic insomnia
  • Inadequate sleep hygiene
  • Adjustment sleep disorder
  • Behavioural insomnia of childhood
62
Q

Which sleeping position is associated with sleep paralysis?

A

Supine position

63
Q

Definition

habits and practices that are conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis

A

Sleep hygiene

64
Q

What are the DSM-5 criteria for Narcolepsy?

A

Recurrent periods of an irrepressible need to sleep or lapsing into sleep

  • At least 3 times/week for 3 months

The presence of one of the following:

  • Episodes of cataplexy
  • Hypocretin deficiency
  • REM sleep latency <15 minutes, or multiple sleep latency test <8 minutes and 2 sleep onset REM periods
65
Q

What are some perpetuating factors for insomnia?

A

Napping

Sleeping in

Anxiety

66
Q

What is secondary insomnia?

A

Insomnia caused by a ‘co-morbid’ physical or psychological state

67
Q

Definition

relating to the state immediately preceding waking up

A

Hypnopompic

68
Q

Definition

a form of sleep disorder in which a person partially awakens from sleep in a state of terror

A

Night terrors

69
Q

Define

Circadian rhythm disorder

A

a family of sleep disorders affecting (among other bodily processes) the timing of sleep. People with these types of disorders are unable to go to sleep and awaken at the times commonly required for work and school as well as social needs

70
Q

Define

Sleep hygiene

A

habits and practices that are conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis

71
Q

Definition

a disruption of the circadian rhythm, causing the afflicted to go to sleep earlier than normal & wake up earlier than normal

A

Advanced sleep phase syndrome

72
Q

Define

Supine

A

lying face upward

73
Q

Definition

a disorder characterized by an unpleasant tickling or twitching sensation in the leg muscles when sitting or lying down, which is relieved only by moving the legs

A

Restless legs syndrome

74
Q

Definition

involuntary urination, especially by children at night

A

Enuresis

75
Q

Define

REM sleep behaviour disorder

A

a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep

76
Q

What are some predisposing factors for insomnia?

A

Gender

Personality

77
Q

Define

Cataplaxy

A

a sudden and uncontrollable muscle weakness or paralysis that comes on during the day and is often triggered by a strong emotion, such as excitement or laughter

78
Q

Following 2015, what was the view on insomnia sub-types?

A

Insomnia can coexist with many conditions, and regardless of which came first we need to address the sleep problems in their own right

79
Q

What are the main characteristics of Insomnia Disorder?

A

Repeated difficulty with:

Sleep initiation

Sleep consolidation

Sleep quality

Daytime impairment

80
Q

Label this image

A
81
Q

Define

Insomnia disorder

A

a sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep

82
Q

Define

Nightmare disorder

A

a sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares. The nightmares, which often portray the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or personal safety, usually occur during the REM stages of sleep

83
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for sleep walking?

A
  • Complex motor movement during slow-wave sleep
  • Reduced alertness and responsiveness
  • Limited recall of events is awaken
  • After the episode, regain full cognition and appropriate behaviour
84
Q

Define

Hypocretin

A

a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite

85
Q

What are the DSM-5 criteria for sleep arousal disorders from NREM?

A
  • Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the sleep episode, accompanied by:
    • Sleepwalking
    • Sleep terror
  • No or little dream imagery recalled
  • Amnesia for episodes
  • Episodes cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
  • Not attributable to a substance
  • Coexisting medical and/or mental health disorders do not explain the episodes

PSY3032 (13 decks)

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