Personality Disorders Flashcards
What does cluster B include?
Antisocial
Borderline
Histronic
Narcissistic
Which personality disorder is the following a key feature of?
“Excessive need to be taken care of, submissive behaviour and fears of separation”
Dependent
Definition
A cluster of dramatic, emotional and erratic personality disorder including borderline, narcissistic, histrionic and antisocial personality disorders
Cluster B
What are the DSM-5 criteria for dependent personality disorder?
An excessive need to be taken care of, as shown by the presence of at least 5 of the following from early adulthood across many contexts:
- Difficulty making decisions without excessive advice and reassurance from others
- Need for others to take responsibility for most major areas of life
- Difficulty disagreeing with others for fear of losing their support
- Difficulty doing things on own or starting projects because of lack of self-confidence
- Doing unpleasant things as a way to obtain the approval and support of others
- Feelings of helplessness when alone because of fears of being unable to care for self
- Urgently seeking new relationship when one ends
- Preoccupation with fears of having to take care of self
True or False:
Unstructured clinical interviews are reliable measures of personality disorders
False
Which personality disorder is the following a key feature of?
“Lack of capacity for close relationships, magical thinking or odd beliefs or speech, and eccentric behaviour”
Schizotypal
What does CBT target in personality disorders?
Dysfunctional thoughts, emotions and behaviours
Define
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
personality disorder defined by inordinate difficulty making decisions, hyperconcern with details and efficiency, and poor relations with others due to demands that things be done just so, as wells as the person’s unduly conventional, serious, formal and stingy emotions
Define
Cluster A
A cluster of odd, eccentric personality disorders including paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders
Definition
five personality dimensions included in the appendix of DSM-5 to help supplement diagnoses of personality disorders: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism
Personality trait domains
Which personality disorder is this maladaptive cognition associated with?
“It is foolish to trust anyone”
Paranoid
Define
Paranoid personality disorder
personality disorder defined by expectation of mistreatment at the hands of others, suspicion, secretiveness, jealousy, argumentativeness, unwillingness to accept blame, and cold unemotional affect
What social risk factors increase the likelihood of someone with a genetic predisposition for APD getting the disorder?
A harsh family environment and poverty
How many personality disorders does the alternative model include?
6
What is distinct about the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex of people with BPD?
Increased activity of the amygdala and diminished activity in the prefrontal cortex
Define
Avoidant personality disorder
personality disorder defined by aloofness and extreme sensitivity to potential rejection, despite an intense desire for affiliation and affection
Definition
personality disorder define by overly dramatic behaviour, emotional excess and sexually provocative behaviour
Histrionic personality disorder
Definition
a therapeutic approach to borderline personality disorder that combines client-centred empathy and acceptance with behavioural problem solving, social skills training and limit setting
Dialectical personality disorder (DBT)
Define
Schizotypal personality disorder
personality disorder defined by eccentricity, oddities of thought and perception (magical thinking, illusions, depersonalisation, derealisation), digressive speech involving over-elaborations and social isolation; under stress, behaviour may appear psychotic
Which personality disorder is this maladaptive cognition associated with?
“Relationships are more hassle than reward”
Schizotypal
Biologically, what is BPD related to?
Serotonergic dysfunction and biological risk factors for emotion dysregulation and impulsivity
What are the DSM-5 criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
An intense need for order, perfection, and control, as shown by the presence of at least 4 of the following from early adulthood across many contexts:
- Preoccupation with rules, details, and organization to the extent that the point of an activity is lost
- Extreme perfectionism interferes with task completion
- Excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure and friendships
- Inflexibility about morals and values
- Difficulty discarding worthless items
- Reluctance to delegate unless others conform to one’s standards
- Miserliness
- Rigidity and stubbornness
What are the facets in the detachment personality trait domain?
Anhedonia
Depressivity
Intimacy avoidance
Suspiciousness
Withdrawal
Restricted affectivity
Definition
A cluster of anxious and fearful personality disorders including avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Cluster C
Define
Personality disorder
a group of disorder involving longstanding, inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that impair social and occupational functioning
What are the facets in the negative affectivity personality trait domain?
Anxiousness
Emotional lability
Hostility
Perseveration
Separation insecurity
Submissiveness
Attachment trauma including tragic physical abuse or neglect, very early in life can do what in relation to personality disorders?
Adversly affect the brain structure and development and can lead to development of antisocial personality disorder
What are the facets in the antagonism personality trait domain?
Attention seeking
Callousness
Deceitfulness
Grandiosity
Manipulativeness
Which personality disorder is this maladaptive cognition associated with?
“I am not capable of making a decision without help and reassurance”
Dependent
Define
Dependent personality disorder
personality disorder in which people are overly concerned about maintaining relationships. People with this disorder often allow others to make decisions for them and are reluctant to make demands that could challenge relationships
What are the facets in the psychoticism personality trait domain?
Eccentricity
Cognitive-perceptual dysregulation
Unusual beliefs and experiences
What does Linehan’s model integrate?
The high rates of parental invalidation reported by people with BPD with the biological diathesis for emotional dysregulation
What are the DSM-5 criteria for borderline personality disorder?
Five or more of the following signs of instability in relationships, self-image and impulsivity from early adulthood across many contexts:
- Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
- Unstable interpersonal relationships in which others are either idealised or devalued
- Unstable sense of self
- Self-damaging, impulsive behaviours in at least two areas, such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving and binge eating
- Recurrent suicidal behaviour, gestures or self-injurious behaviour
- Marked mood reactivity
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Recurrent bouts of intense or poorly controlled anger
- During stress, a tendency to experience transient paranoid thoughts and dissociative symptoms
What are the DSM-5 criteria for paranoid personality disorder?
Four or more of the following signs of distrust and suspiciousness from early adulthood across many contexts:
- Unjustified suspiciousness of being harmed, deceived or exploited
- Unwarranted doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates
- Reluctance to confide in others because of suspiciousness
- The tendency to read hidden messages into the benign actions of others
- Bears grudges for perceived wrongs
- Angry reactions to perceived attacks on character or reputation
- Unwarranted suspiciousness of the partner’s fidelity
What does the self-psychology theory propose?
Those with narcissistic personality disorder inflate their own self-worth to combat feelings of shame
Which personality disorder is the following a key feature of?
“Excessive emotionality and attention seeking”
Histronic
Define
Dialectical personality disorder (DBT)
a therapeutic approach to borderline personality disorder that combines client-centred empathy and acceptance with behavioural problem solving, social skills training and limit setting
Which personality disorder is this maladaptive cognition associated with?
“If people get to know the real me, they will reject me”
Avoidant
True or False:
OCD and obsessive-compulsive PD are often comorbid
True
Which personality disorder is the following a key feature of?
“Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation”
Avoidant
Define
Cluster B
A cluster of dramatic, emotional and erratic personality disorder including borderline, narcissistic, histrionic and antisocial personality disorders
Definition
personality disorder defined by expectation of mistreatment at the hands of others, suspicion, secretiveness, jealousy, argumentativeness, unwillingness to accept blame, and cold unemotional affect
Paranoid personality disorder
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
Cluster A: Odd and Eccentric
Cluster B: Dramatic and Emotional
Cluster C: Anxious and Fearful
Which personality disorder is this maladaptive cognition associated with?
“People ask for exploitation - they let their guard down”
Antisocial
What does the social-cognitive theory of personality disorders propose?
The behaviour of the person with narcissistic personality disorder is shaped by the goal of maintaining specialness and the belief that the purpose of interpersonal interactions is to bolster self-esteem