Obsessive-Compulsive and Trauma-Related Disorders Flashcards
Define
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
an extreme response to a severe stressor, including recurrent memories of the trauma, avoidance of associated stimuli, negative emotions and thoughts, and symptoms of increased arousal
Definition
a nucleus within the basal ganglia involved in learning and memory that is implicated in body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Caudate nucleus
Define
Compulsion
the irresistible impulse to repeat an irrational act or thought over and over again
Definition
an extreme response to a severe stressor, including recurrent memories of the trauma, avoidance of associated stimuli, negative emotions and thoughts, and symptoms of increased arousal
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
What are the key features of body dysmorphic disorder?
- Preoccupation with imagined flaw in one’s appearance
- Excessive repetitive behaviours or acts regarding appearance
Define
Acute Stress Disorder
a short-lived anxiety reaction to a traumatic event; if it lasts more than a month it is diagnosed as post-traumatic stress disorder
Definition
the portion of the frontal lobe located just above the eyes; one of three closely related brain regions that are unusually active in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Orbitofrontal cortex
Define
Yedasentience
the subjective sense of knowing that one has achieved closure on an action or thought; theorized to be deficient among persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Define
Thought suppression
key feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder; has the paradoxical effect of inducing preoccupation with the object of thought
What are the key brain regions in the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?
Orbitfrontal cortex
Caudate nucleus
Anterior cingulate cortex
Define
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
the most widely used and accepted treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which the sufferer is prevented from engaging in compulsive ritual activity and instead faces the anxiety provoked by the stimulus, leading eventually to extinction of the conditioned response (anxiety)
What coping strategies are associated with the onset of PTSD?
Dissociative coping (i.e. avoidance)
Define
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
a disorder marked by preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance - for example, facial wrinkles or excess facial or body hair
High activity in which brains areas is seen in individuals with BDD?
Orbitofrontal cortex
Caudate nucleus
Define
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder in which the mind is flooded with persistent and uncontrollable thoughts of the individual is compelled to repeat certain acts again and again, causing significant distress and interference with everyday functioning
High activity in which brains areas is seen in individuals with hoarding disorder?
Orbitofrontal cortex
Anterior cingulate
High activity in which brains areas is seen in individuals with OCD?
Orbitofrontal cortex
Caudate nucleus
Anterior cingulate
Definition
the most widely used and accepted treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in which the sufferer is prevented from engaging in compulsive ritual activity and instead faces the anxiety provoked by the stimulus, leading eventually to extinction of the conditioned response (anxiety)
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
What does cognitive processing therapy do?
Help victims of rape and childhood sexual abuse dispute tendencies towards self-blame
What are the key features of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
- Repetitive, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or urges (obsessions)
- Repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels compelled to perform (compulsions)
What can exacerbate tendencies towards obsessions in OCD?
Thought suppression
What increases the likelihood that a person with develop PTSD?
The severity of the trauma