Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY3032 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

diagnosis applied when a patient has symptoms of both mood disorder and either schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder

A

Schizoaffective disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Evidence suggests that in people with schizophrenia, cognitive deficits supported by the prefrontal cortex, as well as symptoms of disorganization, may be connected to deficits involving

a) NMDA.
b) PCP.
c) GABA.
d) dopamine

A

a) NMDA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False:

The DSM-5 has severity ratings for each symptom of schizophrenia

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition

a negative symptom of schizophrenia marked by the loss of the importance of relationships, and an inability to form close relationships and to feel intimacy

A

Asociality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main difference in neuroanatomy between a person with and a person without schizophrenia?

A

Schizophrenic individuals have enlarged ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define

Delusions

A

beliefs contrary to reality, firmly held in spite of evidence to the contrary and out of keeping with the person’s own community or cultural background. They can include: of control, belief that one is being manipulated by some external force such as radar, television or a creature from outer space; of grandeur, belief that one is an especially important of powerful person; of persecution; belief that one in being plotted against or oppressed by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__________ studies do a better job of separating genetic and environmental effects, providing support for the heritability of schizophrenia.

a) Twin
b) Family
c) Adoption
d) Molecular

A

c) Adoption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False:

People with schizophrenia also suffer from high levels of depression and anxiety

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define

Disorganised behaviour

A

symptom of schizophrenia that is marked by odd behaviours that do not appear organised, such as bouts of agitation, unusual dress or childlike, silly behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition

in schizophrenia, an aspect of disorganised thinking wherein the patient has difficulty sticking to one topic and drifts off on a train of associations

A

Loose associations (derailment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define

Disorganised speech

A

speech found in schizophrenia patients that is marked by poorly organised ideas and speech that is difficult for others to understand; also known as formal thought disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition

diagnosis given to people who have all the symptoms of schizophrenia for more than four weeks but less than six months

A

Schizophreniform disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define

Brief psychotic disorder

A

a disorder in which a person has a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms - incoherence, loose associations, delusions, hallucinations - immediately after a severely disturbing event; the symptoms last more than one day but no more than a month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define

Asociality

A

a negative symptom of schizophrenia marked by the loss of the importance of relationships, and an inability to form close relationships and to feel intimacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define

Catatonia

A

constellation of schizophrenia symptoms including repetitive, peculiar, complex gestures and, in some cases, an almost manic increase in overall activity level. It can also manifest as immobility, with a fixity of posture maintained for long periods, with accompanying muscular rigidity, trancelike state of consciousness and waxy flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition

a disorder characterised by disturbances in thought, emotion, behaviour, cognitive and mood; disordered thinking in which ideas are not logically related; delusional beliefs; faulty perception, such as hallucinations; disturbances in attention; disturbances in motor activity; blunted expression of emotion; reduced desire for interpersonal relationships and withdrawal from people; diminished motivation and anticipatory pleasure; cognitive deficits in attention, concentration, memory, executive functioning and social cognition

A

Schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which neurotransmitter has been the main focus of schizophrenia studies?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Definition

beliefs contrary to reality, firmly held in spite of evidence to the contrary and out of keeping with the person’s own community or cultural background. They can include: of control, belief that one is being manipulated by some external force such as radar, television or a creature from outer space; of grandeur, belief that one is an especially important of powerful person; of persecution; belief that one in being plotted against or oppressed by others

A

Delusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where did the genetic evidence for schizophrenia come from?

A

Family, twin and adoption studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Definition

a study that identifies people who show subtle or early signs of a disorder, such as schizophrenia, and then follows them over time to determine who might be at risk for developing the disorder

A

Clinical high-risk study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define

Consummatory pleasure

A

pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of a pleasurable stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Definition

hostility, criticism and emotional overinvolvement directed from other people towards the patient, usually within a family

A

Expressed emotion (EE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define

Avolition

A

a negative symptom of schizophrenia in which the individual lacks interest and drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Definition

a study involving the offspring of people with a disorder, such as schizophrenia, who have a high probability of later developing a disorder

A

Familial high-risk study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why is antipsychotic medication use in schizophrenia no ideal?
They have significant side effects and there is poor treatment adherence
26
# Definition the region of the frontal lobe of the brain that helps maintain an image of threats and rewards faced, as well as maintains focus and plans relevant to those threats and rewards
Prefrontal cortex
27
# Definition a negative symptom in schizophrenia or a symptom in depression in which the individual experiences a loss of interest and pleasure
Anhedonia
28
What are other psychotic disorders that differ to schizophrenia in duration?
Schizophreniform disorder Brief psychotic disorder
29
# Define Alogia
a negative symptom in schizophrenia, marked by poverty of thought and speech
30
# Definition an older term for schizophrenia, believed then to be an incurable and progressive deterioration of mental functioning beginning in adolescence
Dementia praecox
31
# Define Negative symptoms
a symptom domain characterised by deficits that include blunted affect, anhedonia, asociality, alogia and avolition
32
# Define Dementia praecox
an older term for schizophrenia, believed then to be an incurable and progressive deterioration of mental functioning beginning in adolescence
33
# Define Disorganised symptoms
broad category of symptoms in schizophrenia that includes disorganised speech, disorganised thinking and disorganised behaviour
34
# Definition a behavioural training based intervention that targets cognitive processes such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, speed of processing, social cognitive or metacognition
Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)
35
# Define Anhedonia
a negative symptom in schizophrenia or a symptom in depression in which the individual experiences a loss of interest and pleasure
36
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Avolition Alogia Blunted affect Anhedonia Asociality
37
Which hypothesis is supported by studies assessing the link between socioeconomic status and schizophrenia? Social selection or sociogenic
Social selection hypothesis
38
Acute episodes of schizophrenia are typically characterized by __________ symptoms. a) negative b) positive c) catatonic d) disorganized
b) positive
39
# Define Familial high-risk study
a study involving the offspring of people with a disorder, such as schizophrenia, who have a high probability of later developing a disorder
40
Recently developed treatments that seek to enhance basic cognitive functions, such as verbal learning ability, are referred to as a) cognitive enhancement therapy. b) enrichment supportive therapy. c) social skills training. d) expressed emotion therapy.
a) cognitive enhancement therapy.
41
What do all antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia do?
They are dopamine receptor blocking agents
42
True or False: The DSM-5 includes several subtypes of schizophrenia
False They do not have adequate validity and are not very useful
43
# Define Delusional disorder
a disorder in which the individual has persistent delusions and is very often contentious but has no disorganized thinking or hallucinations
44
# Define Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT)
a behavioural training based intervention that targets cognitive processes such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, speed of processing, social cognitive or metacognition
45
What are the five major symptom domains in schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms Negative symptoms Disorganised symptoms Cognitive Mood/anxiety
46
# Define Loss of insight
a loss of the ability of a person to recognise that their symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, are pert of an illness, that they need treatment to help control these symptoms and that it is reasonable for them to see mental health professionals for help
47
# Define Derailment
Another term for loose associations
48
# Define Ideas of reference
delusional thinking that reads personal significance into seemingly trivial remarks of activities of others and completely unrelated events
49
# Definition any of several drugs, such as clozapine, used to treat schizophrenia that produces fewer motion adverse effects than traditional antipsychotics while reducing positive and disorganised symptoms at least as effectively; may, however, be associated with increased and serious adverse effects of other varieties
Second-generation antipsychotic drugs
50
# Define Schizoaffective disorder
diagnosis applied when a patient has symptoms of both mood disorder and either schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder
51
What are the disorganised symptoms of schizophrenia?
Disorganised speech Disorganised behaviour
52
What do the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia include?
Neurocognitive (i.e. attention, memory, executive function and speed of processing) and social cognition (emotion recognition, theory of mind and attributional bias) deficits
53
What is the genetic and environmental status of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder with a significant environmental input
54
# Definition symptom of schizophrenia that is marked by odd behaviours that do not appear organised, such as bouts of agitation, unusual dress or childlike, silly behaviour
Disorganised behaviour
55
# Definition pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of a pleasurable stimulus
Consummatory pleasure
56
What have familial high risk studies found about schizophrenia?
Children with a biological parent with schizophrenia are more likely to develop adult psychopathology, including schizophrenia, and have difficulties with attention and motor control
57
# Define Clinical high-risk study
a study that identifies people who show subtle or early signs of a disorder, such as schizophrenia, and then follows them over time to determine who might be at risk for developing the disorder
58
# Define Social skills training
behaviour therapy procedures, such as modelling and behavioural rehearsal, for teaching individuals how to meet others, talk to the, and maintain eye contact, give and receive criticism, offer and accept complements, make requests and express feelings and otherwise improve the relations with other people
59
# Define Schizophrenia
a disorder characterised by disturbances in thought, emotion, behaviour, cognitive and mood; disordered thinking in which ideas are not logically related; delusional beliefs; faulty perception, such as hallucinations; disturbances in attention; disturbances in motor activity; blunted expression of emotion; reduced desire for interpersonal relationships and withdrawal from people; diminished motivation and anticipatory pleasure; cognitive deficits in attention, concentration, memory, executive functioning and social cognition
60
# Definition perceptions in any sensory modality without relevant and adequate external stimuli
Hallucinations
61
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations Delusions
62
# Define Grandiose delusion
a delusion of an exaggerated sense of one's importance, power, knowledge or identity
63
What two domains to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent?
Motivation/pleasure Expression
64
# Definition a delusion of an exaggerated sense of one's importance, power, knowledge or identity
Grandiose delusion
65
# Definition broad category of symptoms in schizophrenia that includes disorganised speech, disorganised thinking and disorganised behaviour
Disorganised symptoms
66
# Define Anticipatory pleasure
expected or anticipated pleasure for events, people or activities in the future
67
Which disorder involves delusions but no other symptoms of schizophrenia?
Delusional disorder
68
# Define Prefrontal cortex
the region of the frontal lobe of the brain that helps maintain an image of threats and rewards faced, as well as maintains focus and plans relevant to those threats and rewards
69
# Define Expressed emotion (EE)
hostility, criticism and emotional overinvolvement directed from other people towards the patient, usually within a family
70
# Define Second-generation antipsychotic drugs
any of several drugs, such as clozapine, used to treat schizophrenia that produces fewer motion adverse effects than traditional antipsychotics while reducing positive and disorganised symptoms at least as effectively; may, however, be associated with increased and serious adverse effects of other varieties
71
# Definition an idea that seeks causes in social conditions, for example, that being in a low social class can cause one to develop schizophrenia
Sociogenic hypothesis
72
# Definition a negative symptom in schizophrenia, marked by poverty of thought and speech
Alogia
73
# Define Positive symptoms
a symptom domain characterised by hallucinations and delusions
74
Which neuroanatomy changes have been identified in schizophrenia?
Enlarged ventricles Reduced activity of the prefrontal cortex Temporal lobe changes
75
# Definition expected or anticipated pleasure for events, people or activities in the future
Anticipatory pleasure
76
# Definition a disorder in which the individual has persistent delusions and is very often contentious but has no disorganized thinking or hallucinations
Delusional disorder
77
What are the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia?
* Two or more of the following symptoms for at least one month; one symptoms should be either 1, 2 or 3: 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganised speech 4. Disorganised (or catatonic) behaviour 5. Negative symptoms (diminished motivation or emotional expression) * Functioning in work, relationships or self-care has declined since onset * Signs of disorder for at least six months; or, if during a prodromal or residual phase, negative symptoms or two or more symptoms 1-4 in less severe form
78
# Definition a symptom domain characterised by deficits that include blunted affect, anhedonia, asociality, alogia and avolition
Negative symptoms
79
What is the name of the disorder that involves symptoms of both schizophrenia and either a depressive or manic episode?
Schizoaffective disorder
80
Which type of professional is responsible for identifying and coordinating the range of medical and psychological services that people with schizophrenia need to keep functioning? a) Psychiatric nurses b) Psychiatrists c) Case managers d) Forensic Psychologist
c) Case managers
81
What is the relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia?
Cannabis use among adolescents has been associated with greater risk of schizophrenia, particularly among those who are genetically vulnerable to the disorder
82
Which feature of family interaction has been implicated in relapse of schizophrenia?
Expressed emotion
83
Which neurotransmitters are being studied for their potential role in schizophrenia?
Dopamine Serotonin GABA Glutamate
84
What psychosocial interventions are used in the management of schizophrenia?
Psychoeducation Social skills training Assertive case management Cognitive-based therapy Cognitive remediation therapy Supported employment
85
Good treatment of schizophrenia includes what?
Integration of psychosocial interventions into the pharmacological management of schizophrenia
86
What have molecular genetics studies found about schizophrenia?
They have identified both *de novo* and rare alleles, and copy number variations associated with schizophrenia that are usually rare causes of the disorder
87
When is the typical onset of schizophrenia?
Late adolescence or early adulthood
88
# Definition constellation of schizophrenia symptoms including repetitive, peculiar, complex gestures and, in some cases, an almost manic increase in overall activity level. It can also manifest as immobility, with a fixity of posture maintained for long periods, with accompanying muscular rigidity, trancelike state of consciousness and waxy flexibility
Catatonia
89
How have genome-wide association studies contributed to our knowledge of schizophrenia?
They have identified a large number of genes of small effect associated with genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia
90
# Define Sociogenic hypothesis
an idea that seeks causes in social conditions, for example, that being in a low social class can cause one to develop schizophrenia
91
# Definition a negative symptom of schizophrenia in which the individual lacks interest and drive
Avolition
92
# Definition speech found in schizophrenia patients that is marked by poorly organised ideas and speech that is difficult for others to understand; also known as formal thought disorder
Disorganised speech
93
Some people with schizophrenia function too well to remain in a hospital and yet do not function well enough to live on their own or even within their family, making them appropriate for a setting known as a(n) a) forensic treatment center. b) community mental health center. c) inpatient facility. d) residential treatment home.
d) residential treatment home.
94
True or False: Families have a major influence on the onset schizophrenia
False
95
# Define Social selection hypothesis
an attempt to explain the correlation between social class and schizophrenia by arguing that people with schizophrenia tend to move downward in socioeconimic status
96
# Define Hallucinations
perceptions in any sensory modality without relevant and adequate external stimuli
97
# Definition a disorder in which a person has a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms - incoherence, loose associations, delusions, hallucinations - immediately after a severely disturbing event; the symptoms last more than one day but no more than a month
Brief psychotic disorder
98
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in families is important and could perhaps constitute the stress in the diathesis-stress theory of schizophrenia
Communication
99
What have retrospective developmental studies of schizophrenia found?
Some adults with schizophrenia had lower IQs and were withdrawn and delinquent as children
100
# Define Blunted affect
a negative symptom of schizophrenia that involves a lack of outward expression of emotion
101
# Definition a symptom domain characterised by hallucinations and delusions
Positive symptoms
102
# Definition behaviour therapy procedures, such as modelling and behavioural rehearsal, for teaching individuals how to meet others, talk to the, and maintain eye contact, give and receive criticism, offer and accept complements, make requests and express feelings and otherwise improve the relations with other people
Social skills training
103
Results from one study suggest that being __________ and being __________ are predictors of better insight into their condition for people experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. a) male; young b) female; young c) female; older d) male; older
c) female; older
104
# Define Schizophreniform disorder
diagnosis given to people who have all the symptoms of schizophrenia for more than four weeks but less than six months
105
What is attenuated psychosis syndrome? Why was it not included in the DSM-5?
Schizophrenia that has positive symptoms in attenuated form that cause distress and have worsened in the past year. It was not included in the DSM-5 because the research to date is limited
106
What are considered the cornerstone treatment of schizophrenia?
Antipsychotic medications
107
# Definition a loss of the ability of a person to recognise that their symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, are pert of an illness, that they need treatment to help control these symptoms and that it is reasonable for them to see mental health professionals for help
Loss of insight
108
# Definition Another term for loose associations
Derailment
109
Which environmental factors may impact the developing brain and increase the risk of schizophrenia?
Obstetric complications Prenatal infections
110
# Define Loose associations (derailment)
in schizophrenia, an aspect of disorganised thinking wherein the patient has difficulty sticking to one topic and drifts off on a train of associations
111
# Definition delusional thinking that reads personal significance into seemingly trivial remarks of activities of others and completely unrelated events
Ideas of reference
112
# Definition an attempt to explain the correlation between social class and schizophrenia by arguing that people with schizophrenia tend to move downward in socioeconimic status
Social selection hypothesis
113
# Definition a negative symptom of schizophrenia that involves a lack of outward expression of emotion
Blunted affect
114
Studies have suggested that using \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, along with medications, can help to reduce hallucinations and delusions. a) social skills training b) re-education c) cognitive behavioral therapy d) Psychodynamic therapy
c) cognitive behavioral therapy

PSY3032 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions