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respiratory > sleep apnea > Flashcards

sleep apnea Flashcards

1
Q

sleep apnea - definition (and result)

A

repeated cessation of breathing > 10 seconds during sleep –> disrupted sleep –> daytime somnolence

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2
Q

sleep apnea - PaO2 levels

A

normal during the day

noctural hypoxia

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3
Q

sleep apnea - complications (how)

A

noctural hypoxia –>

  1. systemic/pulmonary hypertension
  2. arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation/flutter)
  3. sudden death
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4
Q

sleep apnea - arrhythmia

A
  1. atrial fibrillation

2. atrial flutter

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5
Q

sleep apnea - types

A
  1. obstructive sleep apnea
  2. central sleep apnea
  3. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
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6
Q

obstructive sleep apnea - respiratory system

A

respiratory effort against airway obstruction

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7
Q

obstructive sleep apnea - associated with

A
  1. obesity

2. loud snoring

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8
Q

obstructive sleep apnea - caused by

A
  1. excess parapharyngeal tissue in adults

2. adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children

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9
Q

obstructive sleep apnea in children - is caused by

A

adenotonsillar hypertrophy excess parapharyngeal

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10
Q

obstructive sleep apnea in adults - is caused by

A

excess parapharyngeal tissue

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11
Q

obstructive sleep apnea - treatment

A
  1. weight loss
  2. CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
  3. surgery
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12
Q

central sleep apnea - respiratory system

A

no respiratory effort

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13
Q

central sleep apnea - due to

A
  1. CNS injury
  2. CNS toxicity
  3. opioids
  4. Heart failure
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14
Q

renal respond in hypoxia

A

increased EPO release –> increased erythropoiesis

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15
Q

Obesity hyperventilation syndrome - BMI

A

> =30Kg/m2

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16
Q

Obesity hyperventilation syndrome - respiratory rate

A

decreased

17
Q

Obesity hyperventilation syndrome is also known as

A

Pickwickian syndrome

18
Q

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome - pathophysiology

A

BMI >=3Kg/m2 –> hypoventilation (decreased RR) –> decreased PaO2 and increased PaCO2 during sleep –> increased PaCO2 DURING WAKING HOURS (retention)

19
Q

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome - symptoms

A
  1. Poor sleep quality
  2. Sleep apnea
  3. Daytime sleepiness
  4. Depression
  5. Headaches
20
Q

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome - blood gases abnormalities

A
  1. increased PaCO2 during sleep
  2. decreased PaO2 during sleep
  3. Increased PaCO2 during waking hours (retention)

respiratory (27 decks)

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