sleep apnea Flashcards
sleep apnea - definition (and result)
repeated cessation of breathing > 10 seconds during sleep –> disrupted sleep –> daytime somnolence
sleep apnea - PaO2 levels
normal during the day
noctural hypoxia
sleep apnea - complications (how)
noctural hypoxia –>
- systemic/pulmonary hypertension
- arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation/flutter)
- sudden death
sleep apnea - arrhythmia
- atrial fibrillation
2. atrial flutter
sleep apnea - types
- obstructive sleep apnea
- central sleep apnea
- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
obstructive sleep apnea - respiratory system
respiratory effort against airway obstruction
obstructive sleep apnea - associated with
- obesity
2. loud snoring
obstructive sleep apnea - caused by
- excess parapharyngeal tissue in adults
2. adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children
obstructive sleep apnea in children - is caused by
adenotonsillar hypertrophy excess parapharyngeal
obstructive sleep apnea in adults - is caused by
excess parapharyngeal tissue
obstructive sleep apnea - treatment
- weight loss
- CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
- surgery
central sleep apnea - respiratory system
no respiratory effort
central sleep apnea - due to
- CNS injury
- CNS toxicity
- opioids
- Heart failure
renal respond in hypoxia
increased EPO release –> increased erythropoiesis
Obesity hyperventilation syndrome - BMI
> =30Kg/m2
Obesity hyperventilation syndrome - respiratory rate
decreased
Obesity hyperventilation syndrome is also known as
Pickwickian syndrome
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome - pathophysiology
BMI >=3Kg/m2 –> hypoventilation (decreased RR) –> decreased PaO2 and increased PaCO2 during sleep –> increased PaCO2 DURING WAKING HOURS (retention)
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome - symptoms
- Poor sleep quality
- Sleep apnea
- Daytime sleepiness
- Depression
- Headaches
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome - blood gases abnormalities
- increased PaCO2 during sleep
- decreased PaO2 during sleep
- Increased PaCO2 during waking hours (retention)
