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respiratory > drugs > Flashcards

drugs Flashcards

1
Q

pseudoephedirine, phenylephrine mechanism of action

A

α-adrenergic agonists

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2
Q

pseudoephedirine, phenylephrine: use

A

A. to reduce 1. hyperemia 2. edema 3. nasal congestion
B. open obstructed eustachian tubes
C. pseudoephedrine ilicity used to make methamphetamine

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3
Q

pseudoephedirine, phenylephrine - toxicity

A
  1. hypertension

2. CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)

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4
Q

pseudoephedrine ilicity used to make

A

methamphetamine

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5
Q

α-adrenergic agonists used as nasal decongestants

A
  1. pseudoephedirine

2. phenylephrine

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6
Q

dextromethorphan - use

A

antitussive

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7
Q

dextromethorphan - mechanism of action

A

antagonizes NMDA glutamine receptrors

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8
Q

dextromethorphan - structure

A

synthetic codeine analog

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9
Q

dextromethorphan - antidote for overdose

A

naloxone

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10
Q

dextromethorphan - side effects

A
  1. mild opioid effect (when used in excess)
  2. mild abuse potential
  3. serotonin syndrome (if combined with with other seretonergic agents)
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11
Q

dextromethorphan combined with seretonergic agents

A

seretonin syndrome

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12
Q

dextromethorphan antagonizes

A

NMDA glutamine receptros

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13
Q

expectorants drugs

A
  1. Guaifenesin

2. N-acetylcysteine

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14
Q

Guaifenesin - mechanisms of action

A

thins respiratory secreations (BUT DOES NOT SUPPRESS COUGH REFLEX)

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15
Q

Guaifenesin - cough reflex

A

Guaifenesin does not suppress cough reflex

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16
Q

N-acetylcysteine - mechanism of action

A

mucolytic

can loosen mucous plugs in COPD and CF patients by disrupting disulfide bonds

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17
Q

N-acetylcysteine can loosen mucus plugs by

A

disrupting disulfide bonds

18
Q

N-acetylcysteine - used for

A
  1. cystic fibrosis
  2. COPD
  3. antidote for acetaminophen overdose
19
Q

H1 blockers - mechanism of action

A

REVERSIBLE inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors

20
Q

H1 blockers - reversible or irreversible

A

REVERSIBLE

21
Q

H1 blockers are divided to

A

1st generation

2nd generation

22
Q

1st generation H1 blockers - drugs

A
  1. diphenhydramine
  2. dimenhydrinate
  3. chlorpheniramine
23
Q

2nd generation H1 blockers - drugs

A
  • ADINE + cetirizine
    1. loratadine
    2. fexofenadine
    3. desloratadine
    4. cetirizine
24
Q

1st generation H1 blockers - used for

A
  1. allergy
  2. motion
  3. sleep aid
25
Q

2nd generation H1 blockers - used for

26
Q

1st generation H1 blockers - toxicity

A
  1. sedation
  2. antimuscarinic
  3. anti-a-adrenergic
27
Q

2nd generation H1 blockers - toxicity

A

sedation (much less than 1st generation)

28
Q

1st vs 2nd generation according sedation (why)

A

2nd generation is FAR LESS sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS

29
Q

pulmonary hypertension drugs - categories

A
  1. endothelin receptor antagonists
  2. PDE-5 inhibitors
  3. Prostacyclin analogs
30
Q

pulmonary hypertension drugs - categories and drugs

A
  1. endothelin receptor antagonists –> BOSENTAN
  2. PDE-5 inhibitors –> SILDENAFIL
  3. Prostacyclin analogs –> EPOPROSTENOL, ILOPROST
31
Q

bosentan toxicity

A

hepatotoxicity

32
Q

pulmonary hypertension drugs - PDE-5 inhibitors - drugs

A

sildenafil

33
Q

pulmonary hypertension drugs - PDE-5 inhibitors - mechanism of action

A

inhibit cGMP PDE5 and prolong vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide

34
Q

pulmonary hypertensrion - prostacyclin analogs side effects

A
  1. flushing

2. jaw pain

35
Q

pulmonary hypertensrion - prostacyclin analogs - drugs

A
  1. epoprostenol

2. iloprost

36
Q

pulmonary hypertensrion - prostacyclin analogs - mechanism of action

A

prostacyclins (PGI2) with direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds
inhibit platelet aggregation

37
Q

pulmonary hypertension treatment - drug with hepatotoxicity

38
Q

chlorpheniramine - toxicity

A
  1. sedation
  2. antimuscarinic
  3. anti-a-adrenergic
39
Q

lotaradine - used for

40
Q

H1 first generation blockers - used for

A

allergy
motion sickness
sleep aid

respiratory (27 decks)

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