Lung volumes

Question 1

IRV (lung)
TV (lung)
ERV (lung)
RV (lung)

Answer 1

inspiratory reserve volume
tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume

Question 2

IC (lung)
FRC (lung)
VC (lung)
TLC (lung)

Answer 2

inspiratory capacity
functional residual capacity
vital capacity
total lung capacity

Question 3

tidal volume (TV)

Answer 3

air that moves into lungs with each quiet inspiration, typically 500ml

Question 4

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 4

air that can still be breathed in after normal inspiration (3.3L)

Question 5

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 5

air that can be breathed out after normal expiration (1L)

Question 6

Residual volume (RV)

Answer 6

air in lung after maximal expiration. Cannot be measured on spirometry (1,2L)

Question 7

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 7

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV)

3.8L

Question 8

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 8

Volume of gas in lungs after normal expiration (2.2L)
Residual volume (RV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 9

Vital capacity (VC)

Answer 9

Maximum volume of gas that can be expired after a maximal inspiration (4.8L)
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 10

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 10

volume of gas present in lung after maxima inspiration (6L)

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + Residual volume)

Question 11

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV)

Answer 11

Inspiratory capacity (IC) (3.8L)

Question 12

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 12

Vital capacity (VC) (4.8L)

Question 13

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + Residual volume)

Answer 13

Total lung capacity (TLC) (6L)

Question 14

Residual volume (RV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 14

Functional residual capacity (FRC) (2.2L)

Question 15

minute ventilation (Ve)

Answer 15

total volume of gas that entering lungs per minute

Ve = tidal volume x respiratory rate

Question 16

Alveolar ventilation (Va)

Answer 16

volume of gas per unit time that REACHES ALVEOLI

Va = (tidal volume - physiological dead space) x respiratory rate

Question 17

physiologic dead space equation

Answer 17

tidal volume (Vt) x (arterial PCO2- expired PCO2)/ arterial PCO2

Question 18

physiologic dead space definition

Answer 18

anatomic dead space of conducting airways plus alveolar dead space
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange

Question 19

alveolar dead space distribution

Answer 19

apex of healthy lung is largest contributor of dead space

Question 20

Causes of increased Vital capacity

Answer 20

Acromegaly

Question 21

Respiratory rate - normal

Answer 21

12-20 breaths/min

Question 22

Physiologic dead space (per breath) normal

Answer 22

150 ml/breath

Question 23

Lung volumes that cannot be measured by spirometry

Answer 23

1. residual volume
2. Total lung capacity
3. Functional residual capacity

Question 24

pathologic dead space

Answer 24

when part of the respiratory zone becomes unable to perform gas exchange (ventilated but not perfused)

Question 25

IRV is used during

Answer 25

exercise

Question 26

FEV1 - definition and normal value

Answer 26

volume f air that can be expired in the frist second at a forced maximal expiration

Question 27

FEV1/FVC - normal value

Answer 27

80%

Question 28

situations that alter FEV1/FVC

Answer 28

decreased: obstructive lung disease
increased: restrictive lung disease