Sleep and Consciousness Flashcards
- What are the 3 main elements of consciousness?
a. Level- are you drowsy/awake?
b. Content- what are you attending to?
c. Self- th idea that we are ourselves
- What does the hypocretin system do and where is it?
a. Promotes wakefulness
b. Lateral hypothalamus
- What in the anterior hypothalamus promotes sleep
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
- What type of neurons are located in the ventral tegmental area?
dopaminergic to the cortex
- What type of neurones are in the locus coeruleus?
NA to the cortex
- What are the mechanisms of consciousness?
a. Different parts of the brain have different activity patterns which come together
b. Pertubatinal complecity index
1- Use transcranial magnetic stimulaition to quantify brain complexity
c. Each neuron can fire in different patterns- differentiation
d. Neural correlates of consciousness
1- The Minimum neuronal mechanisms jointly sufficient for any one specific conscious experience
2- Primarily localised to a posterior cortical hot zone that includes sensory areas
- What processing occurs when we are using subliminal on rnon-conscious access?
a. Feed-forward processing
- What processing occurs when we are using conscious access?
a. Top-down recurrent processing
- Distinguish between delta, theta, alpha and beta and gamma waves.
a. Delta 1- Sleep 2- Up to 4Hz b. Theta 1- 4-8Hz c. Alpha 1- 8-13Hz 2- See in back of brain more than front 3- Sen when you are focusing d. Beta 1- Normal waking consciousness 2- 13-30Hz e. Gamma 1- Seen when awake and doing stuff Above 14Hz
- What is a coma?
a. Absent wakefulness and absent awareness
b. A state of unrousable unresponsiveness, lasting more than 6 hours in which a person:
1- Cannot be awakened
2- Fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, sound
3- Lacks a normal sleep-wake cycle
4- Does not initiate voluntary actions
- What is a vegetative stae?
a. Wakefulness with absent awareness
b. A state of wakefulness without awareness in which there is preserved capacity for spontaneous or stimulus-induced arousal, eveidenced by sleep wake cycles and a range of reflexive and spontaneous behvaiours
c. Characterised by complet absence of behavioral evidence for self or environmental awareness
- What is a minimally conscious state?
a. Wakefulness with minimal awareness
b. A state of severely altered consciousness in which minimal but clearly discernible bevahoural evidence or self or environmental awareness is demonstrated
c. Characterised by inconsistent but reproducible responses above the level of spontaneous or reflexive behaviour, which indicate some degree of interaction with their surroundings
- What causes locked in syndrome?
a. Damage to ventral pons
b. Cortex and RAS are intact
- Describe neurological neglect.
a. Higher order problem
b. Lose awareness to ones side, not just a visual field defect
c. Eg) patients ignore left side but not right
d. Do not attend to left side
e. Cannot draw half of their field
f. Different to hemionopia
g. Caused by parietal stroke
- What are the thre observations upon which the GCS is based?
a. Eyes open
b. Verbal responses
c. Motor responses
