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Year 2 Revision > Limbs Upper > Flashcards

Limbs Upper Flashcards

1
Q

capitulum and trochlea

A

capitulum anterior more lateral

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2
Q

joints of pectoral girdle

A

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral joint
scapulothoracic joint

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3
Q

sternoclavicular joint ligaments

A

sternoclavicular

costoclavicular

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4
Q

acromioclavicular joint ligaments

A

acromioclavicular
coracoclavicular= conoid trapezoid
coracoacromial

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5
Q

how is acromioclavicular joint commonly injured

A

falls onto outstretched hand
acromioclavicular = minor
coracoclavicular = major

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6
Q

subacromial bursa

A

fibrous capsule extends above the humeral head

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7
Q

what tendon goes through the glenohumeral joint

A

long head of biceps

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8
Q

important ligaments in the capsule of glenohumeral

A

2 glenohumeral ligaments
coracohumeral
transverse humeral

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9
Q

inflmmation of glenohumeral ==

A

frozen shoulder

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10
Q

what tendon can get trapped in glenohumeral

A

supraspinatus

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11
Q

2 functions of rotator cuff

A

hold humerus in glenoid cavity

depress humeral head to minimise risk of dislocation

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12
Q

anterior dislocation of humerus…

A

tearing of glenoid labrum

compression of axillary nerve

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13
Q

Pec major**

A

sternum, MEDIAL third clavicle, rectus abdominis, COSTAL CARTILAGES 108-> LATERAL lip of intertubercular groove
Lateral and MEDIAL pectoral nerve (c567)
adduction and medial rotation and FLEXION all at GLENOHUMERAL

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14
Q

pec minor*

A

RIBS 3-5 costochondral joints to coracoid process
PROTRACTION AT SCAPULOTHORACIC
medial pectoral nerve c8t1

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15
Q

serratus anterior **

A 
ribs 1-8
MEDIAL BORDER OF SCAPULA
PROTRACTION AT SCAPULOTHORACIC
ELEVATE GLENOID FOSSA
long thoracic nerve 5,6,7
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16
Q

trapezius **

A 
shrug shoulders
ELEVATION ROTATION RETRACTION DEPRESSION
spinal accessory
LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE AND THORACIC SPINE 
acromion, POST THIRD clavicle, spine of scapula
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17
Q

lat dorsi**

A 
thoracolumbar fascia 
iliac crest
intertubercular groove = FLOOR
thoracodorsal nerve  
ADDUCTION
MEDIAL ROTATION
EXTENSION ***relate to pec major
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18
Q

deltoid **

A

spine of scapula, acromion, POSTERIOR THIRD clavicle to deltoid tuberosity
axillary nerve c56
abduction

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19
Q

teres major **

A

inferior angle of scapula -> MEDIAL LIP INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE
MEDIAL ROTATION, ADDUCTION
INFERIOR SUBSCAPULAR

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20
Q

supraspinatus *

infraspinatus

A

fossae -> greater tubercle
SUPRA = ABDUCTION
INFRA = LATERAL ROTATION
suprascapular nerve

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21
Q

teres minor *

A

lateral inferior border of scapula -> greater tubercle
LATERAL ROTATION
AXILLARY

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22
Q

subscapularis *

A

fossa -> LESSER TUBERCLE
subscapular nerve
MEDIAL ROTATION

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23
Q

biceps brachi *

A

supraglenoid tubercle and coronoid process
radial tuberosity
musculocutaneous
flexion and supination

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24
Q

brachialis *

A

shaft of humerus -> ULNAR TUBEROSITY

FLEXION AT ELBOW

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25
Q

coracobrachialis *

A

coronoid process -> shaft of humerus

FLEXION WEAK ADDUCTION

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26
Q

triceps *

A

infraglenoid tubercle
shaft of humerus above groove and then below groove
OLECRANON ULNA

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27
Q

when can serratus anterior be damaged

A

lymph node exploration during mastectomies

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28
Q

axilla boundaries

A 
clavicle , first rib
humerus
pec major
lat dorsi SUBSCAPULARIS TERES MAJOR
rib cage SERRATUS ANTERIOR
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29
Q

contents of axilla

A

axillary artery vein
lymphatics
brachial plexus

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30
Q

what does musculocutaneous continue as

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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31
Q

where does the ulnar nerve run

A

anterior compartment, piercies intermuscular septum
distally in posterior compartment
posterior to medial epicondyle

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32
Q

what does radial nerve divide into

A

superficial radial nerve

posterior interosseous

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33
Q

median nerve path

A

anterior compartment in upper arm

MEDIAL TO BRACHIAL ARTERY can be damaged in supracondylar fracture

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34
Q

where does axillary become brachial artery

A

inferior border of teres major

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35
Q

brachial artery where, branch, nutrient, divides

A

lateral to median nerve
profunda brachii -> runs alongside radial nerve
nutrient artery to humerus
divides into radial and ulnar

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36
Q

profunda brachii supplies

A

posterior compartment arm

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37
Q

where does basilic vein joint brachial vein to form axillary

A

inf border of teres major

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38
Q

lymphatic drainage in the arm

A

cubital
delto pectoral
-> axillary (also breast drainage

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39
Q

axillary lymph nodes

A 
pectoral
apical
central
SUBSCAPULAR
HUMERAL
CHAPS
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40
Q

where do axillary lymph nodes drain into and what nerves can be injured

A

subclavian lymphatic trunk

LONG THORACIC and thoracodorsal

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41
Q

elbow joint

A

hinge
trochlea + ulna
capitulum + radius

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42
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

supination

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43
Q

elbow joint ligaments

A

radial collateral
ulnar collateral
annular ligament

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44
Q

borders of cubital fossa

A

line between medial epicondyles
brachioradialis
pronator teres

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45
Q

cubital fossa contents

A 
median cubital vein
median and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm 
median nerve
radial nerve
brachial artery 
biceps tendon
46
Q

distal radioulnar joint ligaments etc

A

palmar radio-ulnar ligament
dorsal radio-ulnar ligament
articular disc = triangular fibrocartilage

47
Q

FCR

A

medial epicondyle of humerus to base of SECOND AND THIRD metacarpal
ABDUCTION OF WRIST
flexion

48
Q

FCU

A

medial epicondyle of humerus to pisiform + hamate
ADDUCTION OF WRIST
extension

49
Q

FDS insertion

A

middle phalanx

50
Q

FDP

A

ulna and interosseous membrane

DISTAL phalanges

51
Q

supinator

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

proximal 1/3 radius

52
Q

brachioradialis

A

distal humerus
lateral distal radius
ELBOW FLEXION

53
Q

ulnar artery

A

common interosseous -> anterior and posterior
anastamose to form dorsal carpal arch
into hand over flexor retinaculum

54
Q

radial artery

A

floor of snuffbox

palmar arches

55
Q

dorsal vs palmar venous arch

A

dorsal -> cephalic basilic

palmar -> venous comitantes

56
Q

median nerve

A

damaged at supracondylar elbow fractures or dislocations
enters below pronator teres
palmar cutaneous branch
CARPAL TUNNEl

57
Q

ulnar nerve relations at the wrist

A

medial to FCU

lateral to ulnar artery

58
Q

how does posterior interosseous get into extensor compartment

A

head of supinator

59
Q

supracondylar fracture due to and problem

A

hyperextension of humerus
tear/entrap/compress brachial artery
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
compress median nerve

60
Q

colles fracture

A

fall onto outstretched hand
wrist pain, swelling
distal radius just above the wrist

61
Q

which bones articulate with the radius

A

scaphoid and lunate

62
Q

hamate hook which side

A

palmar

63
Q

what passes superficially to flexor retinaculum

A

palmaris longus

ulnar nerve is medial to ulnar artery

64
Q

scaphoid fracture can lead to

A

avascular necrosis of the scaphoid

65
Q

distal radio ulnar joint

A

pivot = pronation and supination

66
Q

intercapal joints

A

gliding movement

between each row and then joining the rows = midcarpal joint

67
Q

1st carpo metacarpal metacarpal

A

trapezium and metacarpal I
saddle joint
osteoarthrtic

68
Q

intermetacarpal joints

A

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

69
Q

what are MCP joints reinforced by

A

palmar ligament

medial and lateral MCP collateral ligaments

70
Q

Palmar fascia is..

A

flexor retinaculum –> palamar aponeurosis (deep) which is over the long flexor tendons in the common synovial sheaths –> fibrous digital sheaths –> annular and cruciate ligaments

71
Q

osseofibrous tunnels

A

palamar aspects
= fibrous digital sheaths and underlying bone
inside = long flexor tendons + digital synovial sheaths

72
Q

path of FD tendons

A 
under flexor retinaculum
common synovial sheath
osseofibrous tunnel
within digital synovial sheath
FDS splits around FDP
FDS middle
FDP distal phalanx
73
Q

dorsal tendons

A

extensor tendons under extensor retinaculum
connected by intertendinous bands
covered by synovial sheaths

74
Q

extensor hoods are

A

tendons expand over proximal phalanges to form hoods
interossie attach to these
distal attachment of lumbricals = extensor hood

75
Q

mallet finger

A

extensor tendon and finger tip is stretched/torn

76
Q

trigger figger

A

inflammation of tendon/tenosynovium -> nodules so hard to move tendon

77
Q

skier’s thumb or gamekeepers thumb

A

UCL torn or stretched so instability of MCP

helps in grasping and pitching

78
Q

snuffbox

A

Lateral = EPL
Medial = EPB, APL
scaphoid radial artery
cephalic vein

79
Q

anterior compartment of the hand

A 
thenar = 3 FPB, ABpb, OP
hypo thenar = 3
lumbricals 
palmar interossei (3/4)
palmaris brevis
adductor pollicis
80
Q

what does (recurrent) median nerve innervate in the hand

A 
LOAF
lumbricals 3-4 
opponens policis
abductor policis brevis
flexor policis brevis
81
Q

lumbricals

A

sides of FDP
lateral side of extensor hoods
flexion at MCP extension at IPJ
ulnar deep and median

82
Q

dorsal interossei

A

sides of 2 metacarpals

sides of extensor hoods

83
Q

palmar interossei

A

sides of metacarpals

extensor hoods

84
Q

power grip

A

long forearm flexors
intrinsic palm
stabilised by extensors

85
Q

precision grip

A

intrinsic hand (+ flexors and extensors)

86
Q

hook grip

A

long flexors of digits

87
Q

superficial and deep palmar arch

A 
deep = radial 
superficial = ulnar
88
Q

median nerve what branch before tunnel

A

palmar cutaneous branch

89
Q

median nerve sensation

A

palmar skin

dorsal nail beds lateral 3 1/2 digits

90
Q

ulnar nerve relations at the wrist

A

FCU nerve artery (medial to lateral)

91
Q

Erb’s palsy

A 
C5/6
shoulder dystocia
Axillary and MC
pronated, medially rotated, elbox extended
waiters tip
92
Q

klumpke’s

A 
c8/T1
traction to abducted arm
ulnar (and median)
possible horners
claw hand supinated forearm
93
Q

when is musculuocutaneous injured + effect

A 
surgery
shoulder dislocation
weight lifter compression
weak elbow flexion and supination
no biceps reflex
lateral forearm sensory loss
94
Q

when is axillary nerve damaged

A

dislocations of shoulder

humeral neck fractures

95
Q

radial nerve damaged where and effects

A

axilla/humeral shaft fracture/below elbow in neck of radius fracture
wrist drop bc cannot extend wrist, elbow fingers depends
sensory loss to post forerarm and dorsum of hand

96
Q

when is median nerve damaged and effect

A 
supracondylar humeral fractures
wrist laceration
carpal tunel syndrome
loss of sensation lateral 3.5 
loss of wrist flexion
elbow pronation
benediction sign = cant flex 2/3 MCP
ape hand
97
Q

where is ulnar nerve damaged and effect

A 
elbow fracturs
funny bone
wrist
sensory loss in medial 1.5
ulnar claw = extended 4 5 MCP, flexed 4 5 at IPJ
cants adduct, abduct
claw worse on extension
98
Q

why does damage to long thoracic cause winging of scapula

A

rhomboids are unpposed so scapula is pished back instead of moving forward anteriorly around ribs when protracted

99
Q

shoulder abduction

A

c5

100
Q

shoulder adduction

A

c6/7/8

101
Q

elbox flextion

A

c5

102
Q

elbox extension

A

c7

103
Q

wrist flexion extension

A

c6/7

104
Q

finger flexion

A

c8

105
Q

finger extension

A

c7

106
Q

finger abduction

A

t1

107
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

t1

108
Q

when do you see babinski’s signs

A

UML

109
Q

shoulder impingement

A

tendons of rotator cuff become inflamed as they pass under acromion
leads to weakness, pain reduced movment

110
Q

4 fracturs in arm and forearm

A

supracondylar = medial
humeral mid shaft = radial
medial epicondyle = ulnar
surgical neck of humerus = axillary

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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