memory

Question 1

1. What are the neural correlates of memory?

Answer 1

a. Episodic memory (declarative)
i. Medial temporal lobes = hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, mamillary bodies and parahippocampal cortex
b. Procedural
i. Cerebellum
c. Semantic
i. Inferotemporal lobe
d. Working memory
i. Prefrontal cortex
e. Left hemisphere = verbal info processing
f. Right hemisphere = non-verbal info

Question 2

1. What are the stages of memory process?

Answer 2

a. Registration
i. Input from our senses into the memory system
b. Encoding
i. Processing and combining of received information
c. Storage
i. Holding of that input in the memory system
d. Retrieval
i. Recovering stored information from the memory system (remembering)
Working memory (Baddeley Model)

Question 3

1. What are the types of long term memory?

Answer 3

a. Declarative
i. Available to conscious retrieval
ii. Can be declared
iii. Types
1) Episodic=what did I eat for breakfast
2) semantic= what is the capital
3) working= what did I just say (short-term memory)
b. Non-declarative
i. Experience induced change in behaviour
ii. Types
1) Procedural = Cannot be declared/skills how to ride a bike
2) Conditioning = Phobias
3) Priming = subliminal advertising
4) Non-associative learning

Question 4

2. How are associative networks and schema used in storing long term memory?

Answer 4

a. Associative network = stored ideas are connected by links of meaning, strengthens through rehearsal and elaboration
i. Multiple links makes it easier to retrieve bc alternative routes to locate it
b. Schemas = mental structure that represents some aspect of the world
i. Organise current knowledge and provide framework for future understanding
ii. Automatic not effortful (eg stereotypes)
iii. Acquired through learning and experience

Question 5

1. How can you enhance memory?

Answer 5

a. Assimilation
i. Fit new info into existing schema
ii. Learn by comprehension of meaning
iii. Can only be used when there is a link between old and new knowledge
iv. Spaced retrieval aid deep processing
v. Skills based tasks need practice to become procedural
b. PQRST
i. Preview
ii. Questions
iii. Read
iv. Summarise
v. Test
c. Mnemonic device
i. Artificial structure for reorganising or encoding information to make it easier to remember
ii. Useful when info doesn’t fit into existing schemas.
iii. Hierarchies/chunking/visual imagery/acronyms
iv. Need to recall these artificial structure to access info

Question 6

2. What are the different types of memory disorders experienced by patients?

Answer 6

a. Affects diff types of memory
i. Episodic
ii. Semantic
iii. Anterograde
b. Implicit memory or learning is usually fine
c. Transient global amnesia vs transient epileptic amnesia
d. Retrograde amnesia