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Year 2 Revision > Pharm Tutorials > Flashcards

Pharm Tutorials Flashcards

1
Q

Why is HTN a problem in obese people

A

Adipose tissue contains components of RAS which are activated despite volume expansion

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2
Q

What does exercise do for htn

A

inc circulation
widens arteries
imporves renal fuction

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3
Q

Why is ace inhibitor given with thiazides

A

thiazides reduce Na reaching juxtaglomerular cells so RAS is activated

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4
Q

Why is warfarin given for AF

A

arterial thrombus and emboli

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5
Q

how does digoxin work

A

inhibit na/k atpase leading to inc IC Na and Ca inc contractility

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6
Q

what is digoxin replaced by now

A

beta blockers

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7
Q

what is gtn and how does it work

A

glyceryl trinitrate - releases NO to cause vasc relaxation

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8
Q

what does inhibiting hmg-coA reducatse lead to

A

dec in cholesterol synthesis
inc in LDL receptors
inc clearance of LDL

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9
Q

what are 3 drugs prescribed for HF

A

beta blocker
ace i
diuretic

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10
Q

what can inc resistance in an airwat

A 
mucus plug
bronchoconstriction 
reduction in lung volume
lung fibrosis
inhaled foreign bodies 
intubation
pregnancy
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11
Q

why does cigarette smoke cause bronchoconstriction

A

irritants stimulate vagal nerve- PS causes bronchoconstriction

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12
Q

how can viruses exacerbate asthma

A

inc recruitment of inflammatory cells
cytokine production
enhancement of allergic inflammation
augmented hyperresponsiveness

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13
Q

what can interact with warfarin due to metabolism by cyp450

A 
Erythromycin (macrolides)
Quinolones
Systemic antifungal
PPI's
Anti-HIV ie protease inhibitors
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14
Q

What is the INR

A

international normalised ration = PT test/ PT normal to the power of the international sensitivity index

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15
Q

Why is digoxin carefully monitored

A

clearance entirely dependent on renal function

Hypokalaemia inc adverse effects of digoxin bc less competition and can lead to heart block

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16
Q

why is temazepam blood conc higher in old people

A

less lipophilic and older people have more body fat

17
Q

what effect does digoxin have on older patients

A

anti-cholinergic

18
Q

Why is malnutrition a problem for drug levels

A

dec plasma proteins
dec oxidative metabolism
dec GFR

19
Q

What is venlafaxine

A

Serotonin and NA reuptake inhibitor

20
Q

How are EPS treated

A

anticholinergic drugs such as benzotropine which relieve inhibition of motor dopaminergic pathways

21
Q

Non motor effects of parkinson’s

A 
olfactory deficits
orthostatic hypotension
constipation
sleep
memory
depression
irritability
22
Q

what are the On-off effects caused by

A

fluctuations in plasma L-dopa

23
Q

what is donepezil

A

reversible antiChesterase

24
Q

what is rivastigmine

A

AChesterase and Butyrlcholineesterase inhibitor

25
Q

what is galantamine

A

ACHesterase inhibitor and also activate nAChR

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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