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Year 2 Revision > RDA- Childhood > Flashcards

RDA- Childhood Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How do you measure height correctly
A
  1. Equipment
    1. Position child properly to get an accurate height
    2. Get rid of things that could interfere
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2
Q
  1. What is cumulative height
A
  1. Total of all growth they have done upto now from conception
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3
Q

What is height velocity

A
  1. How fast a child is growing in cm per year calculated over a whole year
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4
Q
  1. What is a normal growth pattern
A

Along a centile from 2/3 years of age

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5
Q
  1. What influences growth upto when you plot them on a centile chart
A
  1. Events before birth such as poor fetal growth, low birth weight, prematurity
    1. Medical issues = malnutrition, chronic disease, GH deficiency
    2. Genetic factors
    3. Randomness
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6
Q
  1. What can cause abnormal growth (short)
A
  1. Poor nutrition
    1. Chronic disease
    2. Endocrine (GH/Thyroid)
    3. Genetic disorders affecting bone growth
    4. Psychological distress and neglect
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7
Q
  1. What can cause abnormal growth (tall)
A
  1. Marfan syndrome
    1. Soto syndrome
    2. GH excess from a tumour
    3. Precocious puberty
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8
Q
  1. Define obesity in children
A

BMI centile position

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9
Q
  1. Define obesity in adults
A
  1. > 30kg/m^2
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10
Q
  1. Why is obesity a concern
A
  1. T2 DM
    1. CVD
    2. Cancers
    3. Orthopaedic factors
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11
Q
  1. What is child development
A
  1. Global impression of a child which encompasses growth, inc in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour
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12
Q
  1. What are the developmental domains
A
  1. Gross motor and posture
    1. Fine motor and vision
    2. Language and hearing
    3. Social, emotional and behaviour
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13
Q
  1. What are the three patterns of developmental delay
A
  1. Slow but steady
    1. Plateau
      Regression
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14
Q
  1. How can a child present with developmental concerns
A
  1. Identification of antenatal/postnatal risk factors
    1. Developmental screening
    2. Concerns raised by parents or other healthcare professionals
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15
Q
  1. Describe cerebral palsy
A
  1. Disorder of movement and posture arising from a non-progressive lesion before age of 2 years
    1. Most causes are antenatal
    2. Associate with learning difficulties, epilepsy, visual impairment, hearing loss
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16
Q
  1. What are the features of autism
A

mpaired social interaction

2. Speech and language disorder
3. Imposition of routines with ritualistic and repetitive behaviour
17
Q
  1. What is the management of autism
A
  1. Intensive support for child and family
18
Q
  1. What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD
A
  1. Inattention
    1. Hyperactivity
    2. Impulsivity
    3. Lasting for more than 6 months
    4. Commencing at younger than 7 years and inconsistent with child’s developmental level
    5. More than one setting
19
Q

What are children with ADHD at risk of

A
  1. Conduct disorder
    1. Anxiety
    2. Aggression
20
Q
  1. What is the management of ADHD
A
  1. Psychotherapy
    1. Family therapy
    2. Drugs such as methylphenidate, amphetamines
    3. Diet
21
Q

What age is adolescence in girls and boys

A
  1. Early = 11-14
    1. Middle = 14-17
    2. Late = 18+
22
Q
  1. Define puberty
A
  1. Process of physical changes through which a child’s body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction
23
Q
  1. What are the main endocrine factors associated with puberty
A
  1. Neurokinin B and Kisspeptin
    a. Switches on GnRH from hypothalamic neurones
    1. GnRH
    2. LH
    3. FSH
    4. Testosterone
    5. Estradiol
    6. IGF1 (growth spurt)
    7. Leptin (targets hypothalamus)
24
Q

What age does puberty happen in girls and boys

A
  1. 8 in girls -16, 10 -18 in boys
25
Q
  1. What are the changes in the onset of puberty since mid 19th century
A
  1. Starting earlier
    a. Improved healthcare
    b. Improved socioeconomic factors
26
Q
  1. What are the adolescent attitudes to pubertal development
A
  1. Boys enjoy it bc inc status and athletic

2. Girls ambivalent about adiposity and onser of menarche

27
Q

What is the main psychological development in adolescence

A
  1. Formal-operational thinking (piaget)
    a. Being able to abstract, hypothetical and idealistic manner
    1. Conventional -> post-conventional moral development (kohlberg)
      a. Desire to please others, awareness of social order TO
      b. Abstract thinking, develop own personal moral compass
    2. Identity vs confusion (ericksons)
28
Q

ow do friendships develop in adolescence

A
  1. -> normative stage with common values and beliefs, loyalty, sharing support cooperation
    1. -> empathic stage -> make active attempts to understand one another, share personal information, respond sensitively
    2. More formal groups of friends
29
Q
  1. What are the features of anorexia
A
  1. Body weight maintained 15% below expected weight
    1. BMI <17.5
    2. Weight loss is self induced
    3. Psychopathology
    4. Endocrine disturbance
30
Q
  1. What is the aetiology of anorexia
A
  1. Genetic predisposition
    1. Perfectionist temperament
    2. Specific subculture
    3. Childhood abuse and adversities
    4. Higher social class
31
Q

What is the symptom cluster for depression

A
  1. Affective (sadness loss of enjoyment irritiabiltiy)
    1. Cognitive (self-blame, hopelessness, guilt)
    2. Biological (disturbed sleep, reduced appetite
32
Q
  1. What are the developmental considerations for depression
A
  1. Endocrine changes
    1. Changes in family relationships
    2. Peers
    3. Responsibilities and hassles
33
Q
  1. What are the causes of depressive disorder
A
  1. Familial aggregation (genetic factors)
    1. Effects of family interaction
    2. Life events
    3. Adversities
34
Q
  1. What are the main features of conduct disorder
A
  1. Looses temper and argues
    1. Defies adult requests
    2. Bullies, fights or intimidates
    3. Stealing, breaking into cars or houses, destroys properties
    4. Running away, truanting
35
Q
  1. What are the therapies than can be used
A
  1. CBT
    1. Family therapy
    2. Interpersonal therapy
36
Q
  1. What drugs can be used
A
  1. Antidepressants
    1. Stimulants
    2. Melatonin
    3. Antipsychotics
    4. Short-term medications

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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