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Year 2 Revision > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous ligaments

A

sacrum and ischial…

prevent upward tilting

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2
Q

angle of anteversion

A

axis of femoral head andepicondyles of knee = 12 degrees

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3
Q

what is the acetabular labrum completed by

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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4
Q

ligaments of hip

A

ischiofemoral
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ligament of the femoral head

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5
Q

blood supply to femoral head

A

profunda femoris = lateral and medial circumflex

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6
Q

intracapsular fracture

A

femoral head/neck

risk of avascular necorsis due to damage of the circumflex arteries

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7
Q

extracapsular fracture

A

intertrochanteric line

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8
Q

obturator internus and piriformis insertion

A

medial greater trochanter

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9
Q

gluteus maximus

A

posterior ilium -> gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

inf gluteal nerve l5-s2

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10
Q

gluteus minimus and medius

A

posterior ilium -> greater trochanter
abduction
superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

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11
Q

iliopsoas

A

iliac fossa + transverse processes L1+L5 -> lesser trochanter
femoral + L1+L2

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12
Q

sartorius

A

ASIS to medial tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity

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13
Q

quads

A

recuts femoris AIIS -> femoris tendon

Vastus : medial, anterior, lateral femoral shaft - >tendon

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14
Q

Adductors

A

body of pubis and ischiopubic ramus (except obturator externus) -> femoral shaft
also do MEDIAL ROTATION

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15
Q

hamstrings

A

ischial tuberosity ->
fibula (biceps)
Semi m t (tibia)

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16
Q

Femoral nerve =

A

L2-4 posterior division

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17
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-4 anterior division

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18
Q

sciatic nerve =

A

L4-S3

tibial and common peronela

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19
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A

anterior compartment + pectineus in adductor

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20
Q

femoral nerve important sensory

A

saphenous nerve = anteromedial knee

medial leg and foot

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21
Q

what does the common peroneal nerve innervate

A

short head biceps femoris

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22
Q

trendelenburg test which side drops

A

lift foot up if THAT side drops then lesion on other side

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23
Q

what do the short external rotators of the hip do and where do they attach

A

lateral rotation of the hip -> greater trochanter

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24
Q

where does the iliotibial tract attach to

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

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25
Q

where does the iliotibial tract attach to

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

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26
Q

femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament
sartorius
adductor longus

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27
Q

femoral triangle

A

NAVEL

NERVE is outside sheath

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28
Q

femoral triangle

A

NAVEL lateral to medial

NERVE is outside sheath

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29
Q

adductor canal contents

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve

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30
Q

where does the adductor canal finish and what is the significance of this

A

adductor hiatus of adductor magnus

femoral -> popliteal and vice versa vein and artery

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31
Q

adductor canal borders

A

sartorius = medially
adductor longus and magnus = posteriorly
vastus medialis =anterior

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32
Q

aorta -> common iliac what level

A

L4

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33
Q

where does common iliac bifurcate

A

pelvic brim

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34
Q

where does external iliac become femoral artery

A

under inguinal ligament

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35
Q

when does femoral become superifical femoral

A

after it gives off profunda femoris (4cm distal to inguinal ligament )

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36
Q

lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal -> deep inguinal -> external iliac

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37
Q

true vs apparent leg length

A

supine
ASIS same level
true = medial mallelous and ipsilateral ASIS
apparent = medal malleolus and xiphesternum

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38
Q

how does the leg become the foot

A 
Plantar = tarsal tunnel posteromedial to ankle
Dorsal = directly anterior to the ankle (ant tibial artery, peroneal nerves)
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39
Q

tarsal tunnel relationship to malleoli and contents

A 
posterior to medial malleoli
tibialis posteror
digitorum longus
artery (post tibial)
vein 
nnerve
hallucis longus
ALL POST, COMPARTMENT things
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40
Q

what muscles start on the distal femur

A

gastrocnemius

plantaris

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41
Q

what inserts medial to the tibial tuberosity

A

sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus

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42
Q

what inserts on the proximal fibula

A

biceps femoris

43
Q

ACL/PCL attachments

A

lateral femoral intercondylar -> anterior tibial intercondylar
medial -> posterior

44
Q

other ligaments in the knee

A

fibular and tibial collateral

45
Q

what is the medial meniscus attached to

A

tibial collateral ligament

joint capsule

46
Q

bursae of the knee

A

suprapatellar
prepatellar
subpopliteal

47
Q

popliteal fossa contents

A

M-> L
AVN + nodes
short saphenous vein -> popliteal vein

48
Q

popliteal fossa boundaries

A

semimembranosus
long head of biceps femoris
plantaris + two heads of
gastronecmius

49
Q

ACL function

A

prevent anterior displacemnt of the tibia

50
Q

what tendon is the sesamoid bone of the foot in

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

51
Q

what is the ball of the foot

A

head of 1st metatarsal

52
Q

ligaments of the ankle

A

Medial deltoid = tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, ant and post tibiotalar
lateral = ant and post talofibular
calcaneofibular

53
Q

what is the most common ankle sprain

A

tear lateral ligaments through over inversion

54
Q

subtalar joint

A

large poster. calcaneal facet + inf talus

gliding and rotation so inversion and eversion

55
Q

proximal vs distal tibiodibular

A

synovial vs fibrous

56
Q

post compartment leg innervation

A

tibial nerve

57
Q

what forms achilles tendon

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

58
Q

what is tricpes surae

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

59
Q

what unlocks the knee joint

A

popliteal

60
Q

fibularis tertius

A

eversion

61
Q

what are the arches of the foot

A

medial and lateral longitudinal arch

transverse arch

62
Q

what are the branches of the popliteal artery

A

2 sural arteries = superficial posterior compartment
post tibial = deep posterior
ant tibial = anterior
post tibial -> peroneal
both tibials + peroneal -> dorsalis pedis

63
Q

where is the saphenofemoral junction

A

inferior to inguinal ligament

64
Q

what innervates foot muscles

A

tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar ) except EDB

65
Q

what innervates ant compartments

A

deep common peroneal

66
Q

what does tibial nerve divide into

A

medial and lateral plantar nerve

67
Q

sural nerve

A

originates between 2 heads of gastrocnemius
formed from tibial + common peroneal
supplies skin on lower posterolateral leg + lateral foot/little toe

68
Q

where is common peroneal at risk of damage

A

neck of fibula -> fibular fracture + knee joint dislocation

69
Q

hip flexion

A

l2/3

70
Q

hip extension

A

l45

71
Q

knee extension

A

l3/4

72
Q

knee flexion

A

l5s1

73
Q

ankle dorsiflexion

A

l4/5

74
Q

ankle plantarflexion

A

s1/2

75
Q

femoral nerve sensory

A

anterior thigh and medial leg

76
Q

posterior femoral cutaneous

A

posterior thigh

77
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous

A

lateral thigh

78
Q

obturator sensory

A

medial thigh

79
Q

saphenous nerve from femoral

A

medial leg

80
Q

sural nerve

A

calf region and lateral foot

81
Q

superficial peroneal sensory

A

anterio lateral leg and dorsal foot

82
Q

deep peroneal sensory

A

first toe web

83
Q

tibial nerve sensory

A

sole of the foot

84
Q

big toe dorsiflexion nerve roots

A

l5/s1

85
Q

big toe plantar flexion nerve roots

A

s1/2

86
Q

what type of neurone does afferent reflex

A

1a

87
Q

effector muscles of calcaneal reflex

A

gstrocnmeius

soleus plantaris

88
Q

where can common peroneal be damaged

A

fibular head

hip

89
Q

what innervates extensor digitorum brevis

A

deep peroneal nerve

90
Q

when can femoral nerve be damaged

A

iatrogenic - hip replacements, cannulations of femoral vessels, laparoscopic repair inguinal hernies

91
Q

where can the saphenous nerve be damaged

A

venous cutdown at medial malleolus

ACL surgery

92
Q

where does the capsule of the hip joint insert on the demur

A

intertroachenteric line

93
Q

what do the sural arteries supply

A

gastocnemius
soleus
plantaris

94
Q

what does anterior tibial do to enter foot

A

dorsum
under extensor retinaculus
dorsalis pedis

95
Q

what does posterior tibial artery divide into

A

medial and lateral planter after tarsal tunnel behind medial malleolus

96
Q

great saphenous vein relation to the knee

A

behind

97
Q

great saphenous vein cut down

A

incision 2cm anterior and proixmal to medial malleolus = cannula to resuscitate patient

98
Q

deep veins of the foot

A

dorsal venous arch -. anterior tibial
plantar venous arch -> post tibial x 2
venae comitantes of peroneal artery -> post tibial

99
Q

acute limb ischaemia

A 
suddent occlusion of blood supply = thrombosis/embolism
pain
pallor
pulseless
paraesthesia
paralysis
perishly cold
100
Q

intermittent claudication

A

gradual occlusion noticeable during exercise

distal muscles deprives of oxygen

101
Q

compaartment syndrome

A

25 -> 50/60

needs emergency fasciotomy

102
Q

varicose veins

A

dilated and tortuous superficial veins

103
Q

inc pressure in varicose veins can cause

A

venous ulcers

lipodermatosclerosis

104
Q

what is more dangerous proximal or distal dvt

A

proximal bc pe

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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