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Year 2 Revision > Musculoskeletal Revision Lecture > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Revision Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Sex Ratio- Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheumatoid = F
Reactive = M
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2
Q

Age- Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheumatoid = all ages
Reactive = 20-40 years
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3
Q

Enthesopathy- Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheumatoid = no
reactive = yes
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4
Q

Spondylitis- Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheum = no apart from atlanto-axial
reactive = yes
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5
Q

Urethritis- Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheum = No
Reactive = yes
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6
Q

Skin involvement- Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A

Rheumatoid = subcutaneous nodules
Reactive = K.blennorhagicum
Circinate balantitis

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7
Q

Rheumatoid factor - Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheumatoid = yes 
Reactive = no
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8
Q

HLA - Rheumatoid vs Reactive Arthritis

A 
Rheumatoid = HLA DR4
Reactive = HLA B27
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9
Q

Joint space narrowing- Rheumatoid vs Osteoarthritis

A

Yes

Yes

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10
Q

Subchondral sclerosis- Rheumatoid vs Osteoarthritis

A

No

Yes

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11
Q

Osteophytes- Rheumatoid vs Osteoarthritis

A

no

Yes- Bouchards nodes at PIP and Heberden nodes at DIP

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12
Q

Osteopenia- Rheumatoid vs Osteoarthritis

A

yes

no

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13
Q

bony erosions - Rheumatoid vs Osteoarthritis

A

yes

no

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14
Q

define osteoporosis

A

reduction in total or regional bone mass

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15
Q

radiological features of osteoporosis

A

osteopenia

fragility fractures

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16
Q

bone chemistry of osteoporosis

A

normal

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17
Q

define osteomalacia

A

soft bones due to impaired mineralisation in mature bone

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18
Q

radiological features of osteomalacia

A

osteopenia

pseudofractures = looser’s zones

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19
Q

define rickets

A

soft bones due to impaired mineralisation in immature bone in chilren

20
Q

radiological features of rickets

A

flared ends of bones

bowing of long bones

21
Q

biochemistry of osteomalacia and rickets

A

low calcium, low phosphate, high serum alkaline phosphate.

22
Q

define paget’s

A

disorganised bone remodelling

23
Q

radiological features of pagets

A

bone thickening = sclerosis and cortical thickening

24
Q

biochem pagets

A

high serum alkaline phosphatase

25
Q

what are the radiological findings of osteitis fibrosa cystica

A 
sub periosteal resorption
brown tumours
chondrocalcinosis
osteosclerosis
salt and pepper skull 
rugger jersey spine
26
Q

what does sub periosteal resorption look like

A

radial aspect of ring and little fingers, tufuts of the phalanges

27
Q

what do brown tumour looks like

A

discrete lytic lesions

aggregates of osteoclasts and fibrous tissue

28
Q

what does chondrocalcinosis look like

A

calcification of articular cartilage

easily seen in menisci of knee

29
Q

what does osteosclerosis look like

A

bone thickening

30
Q

what does a salt and pepper skull look like

A

trabecular bone resorption creating a mottling appearance

31
Q

what does a rugged jersey spine look like

A

band like osteosclerosis of the superior and inferior margins of the vertebral bodies

32
Q

Key features of rheumatoid arthritis

A 
morning stiffness
rheumatoid factor
symmetrical polyarthritis 
subcutaneous nodules
joint erosions
33
Q

define rheumatoid factor

A

IgM anti-IgG antibody (Fc)

34
Q

what makes synovial fluid viscous

A

hylaronate = non sulphated glycosaminoglycan

35
Q

describe type a synoviocytes

A

macrophage like phagocytic

36
Q

describe type b synoviocytes

A

fibroblast like -produce hylarunoate

37
Q

what type of collagen is in the synovium

A

type 1

38
Q

define reactive arthritis

A

steril inflammation of the synovium following an infection -> enthesopathy, skin inflammation, eye inflammation

39
Q

two infections associated with reactive arthritis

A

urogenital = chlamydia
Enterogenic = salmonella, shigella, campylobacter
may be first manifestation of hiv or hep c

40
Q

define enthesopathy

A

inflammation where a ligament, tendon or fascia inserts into bone

41
Q

what are some examples of enthesopathy

A

plantar fascitis
dactylitis
spondyltitis
achilles tendonitis

42
Q

what is in articular cartilage

A

type 2 collagen and aggrecan

43
Q

define proteoglycan

A

glycoproteins containing sulphated glycosaminoglycan chains

44
Q

define glycosaminoglycan

A

repeating polymers of disaccharides

45
Q

what is included in renal osteodystrophy

A

secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism
osteomalacia
soft tissue and vascular calcification

46
Q

list two infections associated with reactive arthritis

A

urogenital ie chlymadia trachomatis

enterogenic = salmonella, shigella, campylobacter

47
Q

HLA for SLE , rheumatoid and AS/Reactive

A

DR3
DR4
B 27

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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