Lab Diagnostics Flashcards
What are the markers of liver function
Albumin bilirubin alkaline phosphatase aspartate amino-trasnferase alanine amino-transferase gamma-glutamyl transferase
What are the cardiac enzymes
troponins
creatine kinase
lactate dehydrogenase
aspartate amino transferase
what other markers do you look at in chem path
electrolytes = sodium potassium calcium phosphate
urea
creatinine
What is in a red blood tube
no anticoag
what is in yellow top and when is it used
speeds up clotting, U&Es, Thyroid function, liver function
What is in purple top and when is it used
potassium EDTA anticoag
FBC and Hba1c
what is in a grey top and what is it used for
fluoride oxalate poison to stop RBCs consuming glucose
What are the features of an ideal virological test
high specificity high sensitivity rapid non-invasive cost effective
What are tests you can do in virology
cell culture
electron microscopy
antibody detection with EIAs
Antigen detection (Hep B or RSV) using IF EIA
Genome detection with PCR to detect viral DNA/RNA
Quantification of antigens and genomes (HIV HBV HCV)
Genome sequencing
What are the diff sample sites and when are they used
Throat swap for virus isolationL entero and resp
Stools for Enterro and diarrhoea
CSF- PCR for herpes and eneter=oviruses, viruses causing meningitis or encephalitis
Nasopharnygeal aspirate for resp viruses IF/PCR
Urine - virus isolation/PCR
Clotted blood for antibody detection
Blood EDTA for PCR for quantificaiton
What do you do in bacteriology
Culture (sterile/non sterile) Microscopy Serology/antigen detection Molecular techniques Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
What are the common causes of diarrhoea
salmonella
shigella
campylobacter
e.coli
what are the stains used in histology
Haematoxylin and eosin- H stains nuclei blue and E stains cytoplasm pink Silver nitrate: fungi Gram: bacteria Ziehl-Neelson: tuberculosis bacilli Papanicolaou- cervical smears
What do you do to specimens in histology
fix in formalin
embed in paraffin wax
cut sections
How can you use antibodies for diagnostics
blood group serology
immunoassays: detect hormones, antibodies and antigens
immunodiagnosis: infectious disease, autoimmunity, allergy and malignancy
