Sleep 45 Flashcards
Melatonin
Pineal gland
Less alert
Sleep hormone secretion
Growth hormone
Cortisol
Inhibited during sleep
Stimulating hormone
Wakefulness hormones
Acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline
Alcohol
Disrupts REM sleep
Worn off: may have nightmares
Tolerant: unable to sleep and irritable
Insomnia
Inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
Stimulus control
Creating a sleep environment that promotes sleep
Cognitive therapy
Learning to develop positive thoughts and beliefs about sleep
Sleep restriction
Following a program that limits time in bed
Hyper insomnia
Obtains sufficient sleep at night but still cannot stay awake during the day
Hypersomnia
Not psychotic disorder
CNS damage, kidney, liver, diabetic acidosis, hypothyroidism
Narcolepsy
Caused by lack of hypocretin in CNS that regulates sleep
Dreams right away
15-30 yrs old
Sleep apnea
Frequent short breathing pauses during sleep
Requirements for sleep apnea
More than 5 episodes longer than 10 seconds per 1 hour
Three common types of apnea
Obstructive
Central
Mixed
Sodium oxybate
Xyrem
Treat cataplexy
Date rape drug
Parasomnia
Behavior that may interfere with sleep and may even occur during sleep
Bruxism
Grinding teeth
Enuresis
Bed wetting
Periodic limb movement disorder
Legs jerk 2 or 3 times per minute during sleep
RLS
Occurs whenever person is at rest
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
Stage 3 of NREM
Sleep hygiene
Interventions used to promote sleep
Provigil
Modafinil
CNS stimulant
Circadian rhythms
Circa dies
About a day
Disrupted circadian rhythm
Immune system
Chronic fatigue
Decreased coping ability
Decreased performance
NREM sleep
First 3 stages
REM
4/5 stage
Heart rate/ respiratory rate irregular, faster than awake state
Dreaming
Cycles of sleep
Adult
4-6 cycles
7-8 hour period
Newborns
16-18 hours per day
Enter REM immediately
Infants
14-16 hours per day
Toddlers
12-14 hours per day
Preschoolers
11-13 hours per day
School age
10-11 hours per day
Adolescent
9-10 hours per day
Adults
7-9 hours per day
Factors affecting sleep and rest
Illness Environmental Lifestyle Anxiety / stress Drugs Diet Smoking
Percentage of chronic insomnia
10-20%
Occasional insomnia
40-50%
Hypnagogic hallucinations
Life like dreams/hallucinations. Pulls things in from environment
Cataplexy
Genetic
Wake up from sleep, but cannot move or speak
Obstructive sleep apnea assessment
Enlarged uvula Enlarged palate Neck size greater than 17.5 inches Deviated septum Nasal pull-ups Tonsils Obesity
Treatment for sleep apnea
CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure Take out uvula Lose weight Tracheostomy
Serotonin
Lessen responses to stimulation
Shut off receptors to reticular activating system
