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Pain 46 Flashcards

1
Q

Referred pain

A

Appear in different areas

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2
Q

Visceral pain

A

Pain arising from organs

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3
Q

Types of pain

A

Location
Duration
Intensity
Etiology

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4
Q

Chronic pain

A

Three months or longer

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5
Q

Mild pain

A

1-3

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6
Q

Moderate pain

A

4-6

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7
Q

Severe pain

A

7-10

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8
Q

Nociceptive

A

Intact nervous system says tissues are damaged

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9
Q

Somatic pain

A

Skin, muscles, bone or connective tissue nociceptive pain

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10
Q

Subcategories of nociceptive pain

A

Somatic and visceral

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11
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Damaged nerves due to illness, injury, or unknown

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12
Q

Subtypes of neuropathic pain

A

Peripheral neuropathic pain and central neuropathic pain

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13
Q

Peripheral neuropathic pain

A

Phantom limb pain, carpal tunnel syndrome

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14
Q

Central neuropathic pain

A

MS, spinal cord, post stroke

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15
Q

Sympathetically maintained pain

A

Occasional abnormal connections between pain fibers in sympathetic nerves.
Edema, temperature, blood flow

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16
Q

Pain threshold

A

Least amount of stimuli that is needed for a person to label pain

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17
Q

Pain tolerance

A

Maximum amount of painful stimuli that a person is willing to withstand without seeking avoidance of pain or relief

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18
Q

Hyperalgesia and hyperpathia

A

Heighten responses to painful stimuli

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19
Q

Allodynia

A

Non painful stimuli that produces pain. Light touch, linen, water, wind

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20
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Unpleasant abnormal sensation. Mimics central neuropathic pain

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21
Q

Windup

A

Progressive increase in excitability and sensitivity of spinal cord neurons

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22
Q

Nociception

A

Physiological processes related to pain perception.

Transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

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23
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain receptors excited by mechanical, thermal, chemical stimuli

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24
Q

Mechanical stimuli

A

Trauma, edema, blockage of duct, tumor, muscle spasm

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25
Thermal stimuli
Heat/ cold
26
Chemical stimuli
Tissue ischemia | Muscle spasm
27
Modulation
Natural opioids in defending system
28
Fifth vital sign
Pain
29
Factors that effect pain experience
``` Culture Developmental stage Environmental/ support Previous experiences Reason/ meaning ```
30
Wong-baker faces
Impaired adults | Language barrier
31
FLACC
``` 2 months- 7 years Face Leg Activity Cry Consolability ```
32
PAINAD
``` Dementia pain scale Breathing Vocalization Face Body Consolability ```
33
Pain pattern
Onset, duration, recurrence
34
Precipitating factors
Activities that precede pain
35
Tolerance
Clients opioids dose, over time leads to decreased sensitivity
36
Physical dependence
Expected physical response when long term options treatment is withdrawn
37
Addiction
Chronic, relapsing treatable disease influenced by genetic, psychosocial factors, environment
38
Four Cs of addiction
Craving Lack of control Compulsive Continued despite harm
39
Pseudoaddiction
Condition that results from understatement of pain, client focused on finding pain relief
40
Analgesic administration
Clients unlikely to become addicted when used for pain
41
Preemptive anagesia
Administration of analgesics before surgery to decrease or relieve pain after surgery
42
WHO step 1
Mild pain Nonopiod analgesics With or without coanalgesic
43
WHO step 2
Opioids for moderate pain | Combination
44
WHO step 3
Severe pain after full doses of step 2 | Opioids titrated in ACT scheduled doses
45
Nonopiods
Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs NSAID | Aspirin
46
Three primary types of opioids
Full agonists Mixed agonist/antagonist Partial agonists
47
Full agonists
Pure opioid, bind tightly to mu receptors, maximum pain inhibition
48
Mixed agonists-antagonist
Can act like opioids when pure opioids have not been taken or Block and inactivate pure opioids Limited dose
49
Partial agonists
Ceiling effect | Block mu receptors but bind at kappa receptors
50
Coanalgesic
Not a pain medication, but can relieve symptoms Antidepressants Side effects Sleep
51
Transnasal
Vascular nasal mucosa
52
Transdermal
Binds to subcutaneous fat
53
Transmucosal
Oral mucosa
54
Subcutaneous
Paraenternal Catheters Infusion pumps
55
Intraspinal analgesia routes
Volume Continuous infusion via pump Both
56
Contra lateral stimulation
Stimulating skin in area opposite to painful area
57
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Electrical stimulation over painful area or nerve closest to pain Causes modulation
58
Nerve block
Chemical interruption of a nerve pathway via local anesthetic Dental work
59
Pain
Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
60
Max dose Tylenol
3000 mg | Effects liver
61
Ibuprofen max dose
3200 mg Kidneys Ulcer Thin blood
62
Aspirin max dose
4000 mg Thin blood Irritate GI
63
Ceiling effect
More drug does not work
64
Narrow therapeutic index
Not a lot of room between therapy and toxic dose
65
Transient
Pain goes away
66
Persistent
Never completely goes away
67
Examples of opioids
``` Hydromorphone Oxymorphone Codeine Hydrocodone Fentanyl Tramadol ```
68
Coanalgesics examples
``` Antidepressant Anticonvulsants Local antic ethics Sedatives Antispasmodic ```
69
Equianalgesia
Refers to relative potency of various opioid analgesics compared to parenteral
70
Intramuscular
Variable absorption rates | Unpredictable onset and peak
71
Intravenous administration
Rapid effect | Side effect
72
Epidural administration
Sterile No preservative SUPERIOR pain relief Much less medication

Nur 110 (21 decks)

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