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Nur 110 > Pain 46 > Flashcards

Pain 46 Flashcards

1
Q

Referred pain

A

Appear in different areas

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2
Q

Visceral pain

A

Pain arising from organs

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3
Q

Types of pain

A

Location
Duration
Intensity
Etiology

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4
Q

Chronic pain

A

Three months or longer

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5
Q

Mild pain

A

1-3

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6
Q

Moderate pain

A

4-6

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7
Q

Severe pain

A

7-10

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8
Q

Nociceptive

A

Intact nervous system says tissues are damaged

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9
Q

Somatic pain

A

Skin, muscles, bone or connective tissue nociceptive pain

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10
Q

Subcategories of nociceptive pain

A

Somatic and visceral

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11
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Damaged nerves due to illness, injury, or unknown

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12
Q

Subtypes of neuropathic pain

A

Peripheral neuropathic pain and central neuropathic pain

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13
Q

Peripheral neuropathic pain

A

Phantom limb pain, carpal tunnel syndrome

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14
Q

Central neuropathic pain

A

MS, spinal cord, post stroke

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15
Q

Sympathetically maintained pain

A

Occasional abnormal connections between pain fibers in sympathetic nerves.
Edema, temperature, blood flow

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16
Q

Pain threshold

A

Least amount of stimuli that is needed for a person to label pain

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17
Q

Pain tolerance

A

Maximum amount of painful stimuli that a person is willing to withstand without seeking avoidance of pain or relief

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18
Q

Hyperalgesia and hyperpathia

A

Heighten responses to painful stimuli

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19
Q

Allodynia

A

Non painful stimuli that produces pain. Light touch, linen, water, wind

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20
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Unpleasant abnormal sensation. Mimics central neuropathic pain

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21
Q

Windup

A

Progressive increase in excitability and sensitivity of spinal cord neurons

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22
Q

Nociception

A

Physiological processes related to pain perception.

Transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

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23
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain receptors excited by mechanical, thermal, chemical stimuli

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24
Q

Mechanical stimuli

A

Trauma, edema, blockage of duct, tumor, muscle spasm

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25
Q

Thermal stimuli

A

Heat/ cold

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26
Q

Chemical stimuli

A

Tissue ischemia

Muscle spasm

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27
Q

Modulation

A

Natural opioids in defending system

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28
Q

Fifth vital sign

A

Pain

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29
Q

Factors that effect pain experience

A 
Culture
Developmental stage
Environmental/ support
Previous experiences 
Reason/ meaning
30
Q

Wong-baker faces

A

Impaired adults

Language barrier

31
Q

FLACC

A 
2 months- 7 years
Face
Leg
Activity
Cry
Consolability
32
Q

PAINAD

A 
Dementia pain scale
Breathing
Vocalization 
Face
Body
Consolability
33
Q

Pain pattern

A

Onset, duration, recurrence

34
Q

Precipitating factors

A

Activities that precede pain

35
Q

Tolerance

A

Clients opioids dose, over time leads to decreased sensitivity

36
Q

Physical dependence

A

Expected physical response when long term options treatment is withdrawn

37
Q

Addiction

A

Chronic, relapsing treatable disease influenced by genetic, psychosocial factors, environment

38
Q

Four Cs of addiction

A

Craving
Lack of control
Compulsive
Continued despite harm

39
Q

Pseudoaddiction

A

Condition that results from understatement of pain, client focused on finding pain relief

40
Q

Analgesic administration

A

Clients unlikely to become addicted when used for pain

41
Q

Preemptive anagesia

A

Administration of analgesics before surgery to decrease or relieve pain after surgery

42
Q

WHO step 1

A

Mild pain
Nonopiod analgesics
With or without coanalgesic

43
Q

WHO step 2

A

Opioids for moderate pain

Combination

44
Q

WHO step 3

A

Severe pain after full doses of step 2

Opioids titrated in ACT scheduled doses

45
Q

Nonopiods

A

Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs NSAID

Aspirin

46
Q

Three primary types of opioids

A

Full agonists
Mixed agonist/antagonist
Partial agonists

47
Q

Full agonists

A

Pure opioid, bind tightly to mu receptors, maximum pain inhibition

48
Q

Mixed agonists-antagonist

A

Can act like opioids when pure opioids have not been taken or
Block and inactivate pure opioids
Limited dose

49
Q

Partial agonists

A

Ceiling effect

Block mu receptors but bind at kappa receptors

50
Q

Coanalgesic

A

Not a pain medication, but can relieve symptoms
Antidepressants
Side effects
Sleep

51
Q

Transnasal

A

Vascular nasal mucosa

52
Q

Transdermal

A

Binds to subcutaneous fat

53
Q

Transmucosal

A

Oral mucosa

54
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Paraenternal
Catheters
Infusion pumps

55
Q

Intraspinal analgesia routes

A

Volume
Continuous infusion via pump
Both

56
Q

Contra lateral stimulation

A

Stimulating skin in area opposite to painful area

57
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

Electrical stimulation over painful area or nerve closest to pain
Causes modulation

58
Q

Nerve block

A

Chemical interruption of a nerve pathway via local anesthetic
Dental work

59
Q

Pain

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

60
Q

Max dose Tylenol

A

3000 mg

Effects liver

61
Q

Ibuprofen max dose

A

3200 mg
Kidneys
Ulcer
Thin blood

62
Q

Aspirin max dose

A

4000 mg
Thin blood
Irritate GI

63
Q

Ceiling effect

A

More drug does not work

64
Q

Narrow therapeutic index

A

Not a lot of room between therapy and toxic dose

65
Q

Transient

A

Pain goes away

66
Q

Persistent

A

Never completely goes away

67
Q

Examples of opioids

A 
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Fentanyl
Tramadol
68
Q

Coanalgesics examples

A 
Antidepressant 
Anticonvulsants
Local antic ethics 
Sedatives
Antispasmodic
69
Q

Equianalgesia

A

Refers to relative potency of various opioid analgesics compared to parenteral

70
Q

Intramuscular

A

Variable absorption rates

Unpredictable onset and peak

71
Q

Intravenous administration

A

Rapid effect

Side effect

72
Q

Epidural administration

A

Sterile
No preservative
SUPERIOR pain relief
Much less medication

Nur 110 (21 decks)

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