Skull, TMJ Flashcards
The _____forms the forehead and part of the roof of the cranium.
frontal bone
The frontal bone extends from the forehead back to the prominent ________ _______, which crosses the crown of the head from right to left and joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones.
coronal suture
The frontal bone forms the anterior wall and about one-third of the roof of the cranial cavity, and it turns inward to form nearly all of the anterior cranial fossa and the roof of the orbit. Deep to the eyebrows it has a ridge called the ________ ______. The center or each margin is perforated by a single _______ _______.
supraorbital margin, supraorbital foramen
The supraorbital foramen provides passage for the ______, _______, and ______.
nerve, artery, veins
The smooth area of the frontal bone just above the root of the nose is called the ________. The frontal bone also contains the frontal _______.
glabella, sinus
The right and left _______ ______ form most of the cranial roof and part of its walls.
parietal bones
The _______ ______ ______ runs from anterior to posterior, grooving the inner surface of the frontal bone, the adjacent margins of the two parietal lobes, and the superior division of the cruciate eminence of the occipital lobe.
superior sagittal sinus
The parietal bones are bordered by four sutures that join them to the neighboring bones: 1. a ______ _____ between the parietal bones; 2. the _______ ______ at the anterior margin; 3. the _______ ______ at the posterior margin; and the _______ ______ laterally.
sagittal suture, coronal suture, lambdoid suture, squamous sutures
Externally, the parietal bones have few features. A pair of slight thickenings, the superior and inferior ______ _____, form an arc across the parietal and frontal bones. They mark the attachment of the large, fan-shaped temporalis muscle.
temporal lines
If you palpate your skull just above and anterior to the ear - that is, the _______ ______- you can feel the ________ bone, which forms the lower wall and part of the floor of the cranial cavity.
temporal region, temporal
The temporal bone is divided into four parts. We study three. The ________ part is relatively flat and vertical. It is encircled by the ______ suture. It bears two prominent features: 1. the ________ ______, which extends anteriorly to form part of the ________ ______ (cheekbone), and 2. the ________ ______, a depression where the mandible articulates with the cranium.
squamous, squamous, zygomatic process, zygomatic arch, mandibular fossa
The _______ part (of the temporal bone) is a small ring of bone that borders the ______ ______ ______, the opening into the ear canal. It has a pointed spine on its interior surface, the ______ ______, named for its resemblance to the stylus used by ancient Greeks and Romans to write on wax tablets.
tympanic, exterior acoustic meatus, styloid process
The ______ part (of the temporal bone) lies posterior to the tympanic part. It bears a heavy ______ _____, which you can palpate as a prominent lump behind the the earlobe. It is filled with small air sinuses that communicate with the middle-ear cavity. These sinuses are subject to infection and inflammation (__________), which can erode the bone and spread to the brain.
mastoid, mastoid process, mastoiditis
The ______ _____ forms the rear of the skull (______) and much of its base. Its most conspicuous feature, the ______ _____, admits the spinal cord to the cranial cavity and provides a point of attachment for the dura matter.
occipital bone, occiput, foramen magnum
On either side of the foramen magnum, is a smooth knob called the ______ _______, where the skull rests on the vertebral column.
occipital condyle
Other features of the occipital bone can be palpated on the back of your head. One is a prominent medial bone called the ______ ______ ______-the attachment for the ______ ______, which binds the skull to the vertebral column.
external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament
A ridge, the ______ ______ _____, can be traced horizontally from the EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE toward the mastoid process. It defines the superior limit of the _____ and provides attachment to the skull for several ____ and back muscles. The _____ ______ _____ provides attachment for some of the DEEP ______ muscles.
superior nuchal line, neck, neck, inferior nuchal line, neck
The ____ ____ has a complex shape with a thick median _____ and outstretched ____ and _____ _____, which give the bone as a whole a somewhat ragged mothlike shape.
sphenoid bone, body, greater, lesser wings
The lesser wing (of the sphenoid bone) forms the posterior wall of the orbit and contains the _____ ______, which permits passage of the optic nerve and opthalmic artery.
optic foramen
The body of the sphenoid has a saddlelike prominence named the _____ ______. The _____ consists of a deep pit called the hypophyseal fossa, which houses the ______ ______ (hypophysis).
sella turcica, sella, pituitary gland
The ____ _____ are those that have NO direct contact with the brain or meninges. They support the ______, give _____ and ______ to the face, form part of the _____ and _____ cavities, and provide attachment for the muscles of facial _____ and ______.
facial bones, teeth, shape, individuality, orbital, nasal, expression, mastication
There are _____ facial bones.
14
The ______ are the largest facial bones. They form the _____ _____ and meet each other at a median intermaxillary suture.
maxilla, upper jaw
Small points of maxillary bone called _______ ______ grow into the spaces between the bases of the teeth. The root of each tooth is inserted into a deep socket, or ______.
alveolar processes, alveolus
Each maxilla extends from the teeth to the _______ ____ of the orbit. Just below the orbit, it exhibits an _______ ______, which provides passage for a blood vessel to the face and a nerve that receives sensations from the nasal region and cheek.
inferomedial wall, infraorbital foramen
The maxillary bones form most of the _____ _____. The _____ forms the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity.
hard palate, palate
The palate consists of a bony _____ _____ anteriorly and a fleshy _____ _____ posteriorly. Most of the ____ ___ is formed by horizontal extensions of the maxilla called ______ ______. The palate allows us to chew while ______.
hard palate, soft palate, hard palate, palatine processes, breathing
The palatine processes normally meet at the intermaxillary suture at about 12 weeks of gestation. Failure to join results in a _____ _____, often accompanied by a ______ ____ lateral to the midline.
cleft palate, cleft lip
The _____ _____ fills the maxillae bone. It is larger in volume than ______, _______ and _______ sinuses. A severe sinus infection in these sinuses may be a possible cause of _______: inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
maxillary sinus, frontal, sphenoid, parietal, meningitis
The _____ _____ are facial bones that form the angles of the cheeks at the inferolateral margins of the orbit and part of the lateral wall of each orbit; they extend about halfway to the ear.
zygomatic bones
Each zygomatic bone has an inverted T shape and usually a small _______ _____ near the intersection of the stem and the crossbar of the T.
zygomaticofacial foramen
Facial bones: Two small rectangular _____ _____ form the bridge of the nose and support cartilages that shape its lower portion. The _____ _____ are often fractured by blows to the nose.
nasal bones, nasal bones
Facial bones: There are three _____ in the nasal cavity. The _____ and ______ ______ are parts of the ethmoid bone. The _____ _____ ____ - the largest part of the three - is a separate bone.
conchae, superior, middle conchae, inferior nasal concha
Mandible: The ____ is somewhat Y-shaped. Its posterior branch, called the ____ _____, bears the ______ _______ - an oval knob that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
ramus, condylar process, mandibular condyle
The meetings of the mandibular condyle with the temporal bone forms a hinge, the __________ ____ (____). The anterior branch of the ramus, called the _____ _____, is the point of insertion for the temporalis muscle, which pulls the mandible upward when you bite.
temporomandibular joint, TMJ, coronoid process
What are the muscles acting on TMJ?
masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid
What is the dense fibrous connective tissue located behind the mandibular condyles?
the articular disc
The articular disc itself has NO _____ and _____ ____.
nerves, blood vessels
The temporalis is broad and ____ shaped. It can cause ____ and _____ pain. Its functions are to ______ the mandible, _______, and ______.
fan, local, diffuse, elevate, retraction, mastication
What muscle is the biggest culprit in TMD?
The Lateral Pterygoid
The Lateral Pterygoid refers deep within the jaw and ear. It is attached to the _____ ____ and the _______ ______. It functions are _____, lateral _____, and _____. It _____ the articular disc during chewing.
articular disc, mandibular condyles, depression, deviation, protrusion, stabilizes
What muscle is the second cause for TMD?
The Medial Pterygoid
The Medial Pterygoid has trigger points from a hyperactive _____ _____. Its functions are to elevate the ________ (with masseter and temporalis), lateral _______, and _______.
lateral pterygoid, mandible, deviation, protrusion
The ______ is a powerful muscle. It is a source of trigger points. It functions in occlusion and elevation of the jaw.
The Masseter
The superficial and deep fibers of the Masseter work in ______actions of protrusion and retraction for ________.
opposing, mastication
The ______ of a muscle is the bony attachment at the stationary end of the muscle.
origin
The _______ of a muscle is the bony attachment to the mobile end of muscle.
insertion
The ______ of a muscle is the effects produced by a muscle.
action
The muscles of the neck originate on the ______ _____, _____ _____, and ______ ______. They insert on the _____ _____.
vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral girdle, cranial bones
The actions of the muscles of the neck are _______ (tipping head forward), _________ (holding the head erect), ____ ______ (tipping head to one side), and ________ (turning the head to the left and right).
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
The neck flexors are the _________ and the _______.
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes
The neck extensors are the ______ and the _______.
trapezius, splenius capitis
The origin of the SCM is the ______ and medial 1/3 of the _______.
manubrium (top of sternum), clavicle
The insertion of the SCM is the ______ ______.
mastoid process
The actions of the SCM: 1. _________: laterally flex the head and neck to the same side. Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side. 2. ______: flex the neck.
Unilaterally, Bilaterally
The origin of the Anterior and Middle Scalenes are the transverse processes of C ____ through C _____. The insertion is rib _____.
3, 6, 1
The origin of the Posterior Scalene is the transverse processes of C ____ through C _____. The insertion is rib _____.
6, 7, 2
The actions of the Anterior and Middle Scalenes are elevation of ______ in inhalation and cervical _______/lateral ______.
ribs, forward, flexion
The Anterior and Middle scalenes are usually involved in entrapment of ______ ______ nerves.
brachial plexus
The actions of the Posterior Scalene is cervical _______ and lateral ______.
extension, flexion
The Posterior scalene is ______ to splenius cervicis And is usually involved with _____ ____Pain patterns.
deep, Trigger Pt.
The most superficial muscle on the back is the ______. Deep to that is the _____ _____. Both of these muscles _____, _____, and _____ flex the neck and spine.
trapezius, splenius capitis, extend, rotate, laterally
The origin of the Trapezius is the ______ and the spinous processes ____ to ____ ((Ligamentum Nuchae).
occiput, C1, T12
The insertion of the Trapezius is the _____ of _____ and the ______.
spine of scapula, acromion
The actions of the Trapezius are scapula ______ /elevation and cervical ______/rotation/lateral ______.
retraction, extension, flexion
The origin of the Splenius Capitis are the _____ _____ of ____ to _____.
spinous processes, C7, T4
The insertion of the Splenius Capitis is the _____ to the _____ _____.
occiput, mastoid process
The action of the Splenius Capitis is: cervical ______/lateral ______ and _____ to the same side.
extension, flexion, rotation
Muscles of facial expression insert in the ______ and _______ tissues. These muscles ______ the skin and produce facial expressions. All but one of these muscles are innervated by facial nerve: _______. ______ causes the face to sag. Facial nerves are found in the scalp, forehead, around the eyes, nose and mouth, and in the neck.
dermis, subcutaneous, tense, CN VII, paralysis,
The ______ elevates the eyebrows. It is part of the ᾿ _______ (with fibrous galeo aponeurotica in between ______ muscles and _______.
frontalis, occipitofrontalis, occipital, frontalis
The ______ _____ close the eyes tightly.
orbicularis oculi
The _____ _____ purse the lips.
orbicularis oris
The facial skin overlying muscles is _____ and has less _____ (in the dermis) and is highly _______.
thin, elastin, vascularized
