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Western Medicine 501 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it

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2
Q

Where fine control is needed we have _____ motor units. In the muscles of eye movement, for example, each neuron controls only ____ to ____ muscle fibers.

A

small, 3, 6

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3
Q

What mineral is necessary for the myosin-actin cross bridges to bind together for contraction to occur?

A

calcium

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle is ________, _______ muscle attached to one or more bones.

A

voluntary, striated

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5
Q

Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. True or False?

A

False. Skeletal muscle is voluntary. Cardiac (Heart Muscle) is involuntary.

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6
Q

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a _______.

A

tendon

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7
Q

A skeletal muscle is composed not only of muscular tissue, but also of fibrous connective tissue: the ________ that surrounds each muscle fiber, the _______ that bundles muscle fibers together into fascicles, and the _______ that encloses the entire muscle. These connective tissues are continuous with the collagen fibers of ______ and those, in turn, with the collagen of the bone matrix.

A

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, tendons

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8
Q

Muscle fibers have multiple flattened or sausage-shaped ______ pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma. Their unusual _________ condition results from their embryonic development - several stem cells called myoblasts fuse to produce each muscle fiber, with each myoblast contributing a ______ to the mature cells.

A

nuclei, multinuclear, nucleus

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9
Q

________ and _______ are called contractile proteins they do the work of shortening the muscle fiber. They are responsible for muscle ________.

A

Myosin, actin, interaction

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10
Q

The effect produced by a muscle, whether it is to produce or prevent a movement, is called its _____.

A

action

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11
Q

The _____ _____ (______) is the muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action.

A

prime mover (agonist)

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12
Q

A _______ is a muscle that aids the prime mover.

A

synergist

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13
Q

An _______ is a muscle that opposes the prime mover.

A

antagonist

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14
Q

A _______ is a muscle that prevents a bone from moving.

A

fixator

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15
Q

Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the transversospinalis muscles during extension of the vertebral column?

A

rectus abdominis

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16
Q

The theory that explains how muscle fibers contract is called ______ ______ theory.

A

sliding filament

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17
Q

Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have:

A

a rich vascular supply

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18
Q

What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator?

A

antagonists

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19
Q

Which term best describes the relationship of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles during shoulder abduction?

A

synergists

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20
Q

A baseball pitcher who injures one of his SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to the tendon of which muscle?

A

supraspinatus

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21
Q

which muscle is a synergist with teres minor in lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A

infraspinatus

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22
Q

What action can you ask your parter to perform at the shoulder in order to contract the deltoid?

A

Abduction

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23
Q

Bilateral contraction of the upper fibers of the trapezius will create what movements of the head and neck?

A

extension

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24
Q

To locate the supraspinatus belly, you must palpate through which muscle?

A

Trapezius

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25
Q

what is the shared attachment site for three out of four rotator cuff muscles?

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

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26
Q

which rotator cuff muscle creates shoulder abduction?

A

supraspinatus

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27
Q

Rhomboids are superficial to the erector spinae and deep to the ___?

A

Trapezius (upper body)

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28
Q

What action can you ask your partner to perform to enable you to feel the levator scapula contract?

A

shoulder shrugs

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29
Q

Which head of the biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular groove?

A

Long Head of the Bicep

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30
Q

Which movement would contract the fibers of the biceps brachii?

A

Elbow flexion

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31
Q

Which muscle is a strong elbow flexor located deep to the biceps brachii?

A

brachialis

32
Q

Which muscle runs between the pisiform and the medical epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

33
Q

To access the supinator you must palpate deep to which muscle group
A.Forearm extensors
B.Forearm flexors

A

A.Forearm extensors

34
Q

The ___ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.

A

B) suprasternal notch

35
Q

_____________ do(does) not belong to the pectoral girdle.

A

The sacroiliac joint

36
Q

You cannot palpate the ________________ on a living person.

A

medial surface of the fibula.

37
Q

The acromion is a feature of the?

A

scapula

38
Q

The sciatic notch does not belong to the femur. True or False?

A

True

39
Q

What structure in the knee prevents hyperextension?

A

the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

40
Q

What bony tuberosity are you sitting on?

A

Ischial tuberosity

41
Q

The distal end of the tibia articulates with the talus. True or False?

A

True

42
Q

What is the heel bone called?

A

Calcaneus

43
Q

What is another name for the first great toe?

A

Hallux/Hallucis

44
Q

There are eight carpal bones, and their names are:

What is the pneumonic for this?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquitrum, pisiform/trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle.

45
Q

The ulnar nerve enters the palm via the ____ __ _____.

A

hook of hamate

46
Q

The ankle joint is most unstable in _____ _____.

A

plantar flexion

47
Q

The bones is the _____ include the radius.

A

forearm

48
Q

Nerve root entrapment of C5 and C6 might cause weakness in which muscle?

A

Biceps Brachii

49
Q

Pronator teres hypertonicity may entrap which nerve?

A

Median Nerve

50
Q

The Terrible Triad of O’Donoghue is a torn ___, ____, and a torn ____ ____.

A

MCL, ACL, medial meniscus

51
Q

The _______ ______ is a large superficial vein that travels down the entire length of the medial thigh and lower leg?

A

great saphenous

52
Q

Supraspinatus tendonitis may also inflame which structure?

A

Subacromial bursa

53
Q

which structure in the knee prevents side to side deviation of the medial side?

A

The Medial Collateral Ligament

54
Q

Sciatic Nerve (L4-S2) exits out of the:

A

greater sciatic notch (aka sciatic notch)

55
Q

Which bone forms the apex of the longitudinal arch?

A

Navicular

56
Q

Each adult pelvis is made up of what 3 bones?

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

57
Q

What is the bony landmark distal to the patella?

A

Tibial tuberosity

58
Q

Which connective tissue structure connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

A

Patellar ligament

59
Q

What can be palpated by following the superior portion of the ilium from the ASIS to the PSIS?

A

iliac crest

60
Q

The most common injuries to the knee are the ____ and _____.

A

meniscus and ACL

61
Q

The triceps are innervated by what nerve?

A

the radial nerve

62
Q

A cyclist complains of numbness in her hypothenar eminence and 4th and 5th fingers after riding all day. What nerve is being entrapped?

A

ulnar nerve

63
Q

Which muscle group can be found along the thigh’s anterior and lateral surfaces?

A

Quadriceps

64
Q

Which muscle acts as an antagonist to ilio-psoas during flexion of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

65
Q

Which movement is created by all muscles of the quadriceps group?

A

Extension of the knee

66
Q

What attachment site do all the hamstrings have in common?

A

Ischial tuberosity

67
Q

Of the gluteal muscles, which is the most posterior and superficial?

A

Gluteus maximus

68
Q

Which tight band of connective tissue can be isolate just lateral to the distal biceps femoris tendon?

A

Iliotibial tract

69
Q

Which three tendons blend together to become the pes anserinus tendon?

A

Semitendinous, gracilis, sartorius

70
Q

The lateral rotators of the hip share a common attachment on or very near which bony landmark?

A

Greater trochanter

71
Q

Which muscle lies superficial to the sciatic nerve and can compress the nerve if over-contracted?

A

Piriformis

72
Q

Along the ankle’s dorsal surface, the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior both loop underneath which band of connective tissue?

A

Extensor retinaculum

73
Q

The pectoralis major inserts on the:

A

crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

74
Q

A maximally stretched muscle will have____ contraction power since the actin and myosin filaments: ____ _____ ____.

A

less, cannot adequately interact

75
Q

Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine transmit chemical messages at the neuromuscular junctions. True or False?

A

True

Western Medicine 501 (11 decks)

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