Exam 3 Flashcards
What is a motor unit?
one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it
Where fine control is needed we have _____ motor units. In the muscles of eye movement, for example, each neuron controls only ____ to ____ muscle fibers.
small, 3, 6
What mineral is necessary for the myosin-actin cross bridges to bind together for contraction to occur?
calcium
Skeletal muscle is ________, _______ muscle attached to one or more bones.
voluntary, striated
Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. True or False?
False. Skeletal muscle is voluntary. Cardiac (Heart Muscle) is involuntary.
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a _______.
tendon
A skeletal muscle is composed not only of muscular tissue, but also of fibrous connective tissue: the ________ that surrounds each muscle fiber, the _______ that bundles muscle fibers together into fascicles, and the _______ that encloses the entire muscle. These connective tissues are continuous with the collagen fibers of ______ and those, in turn, with the collagen of the bone matrix.
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, tendons
Muscle fibers have multiple flattened or sausage-shaped ______ pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma. Their unusual _________ condition results from their embryonic development - several stem cells called myoblasts fuse to produce each muscle fiber, with each myoblast contributing a ______ to the mature cells.
nuclei, multinuclear, nucleus
________ and _______ are called contractile proteins they do the work of shortening the muscle fiber. They are responsible for muscle ________.
Myosin, actin, interaction
The effect produced by a muscle, whether it is to produce or prevent a movement, is called its _____.
action
The _____ _____ (______) is the muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action.
prime mover (agonist)
A _______ is a muscle that aids the prime mover.
synergist
An _______ is a muscle that opposes the prime mover.
antagonist
A _______ is a muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
fixator
Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the transversospinalis muscles during extension of the vertebral column?
rectus abdominis
The theory that explains how muscle fibers contract is called ______ ______ theory.
sliding filament
Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have:
a rich vascular supply
What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator?
antagonists
Which term best describes the relationship of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles during shoulder abduction?
synergists
A baseball pitcher who injures one of his SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to the tendon of which muscle?
supraspinatus
which muscle is a synergist with teres minor in lateral rotation of the shoulder?
infraspinatus
What action can you ask your parter to perform at the shoulder in order to contract the deltoid?
Abduction
Bilateral contraction of the upper fibers of the trapezius will create what movements of the head and neck?
extension
To locate the supraspinatus belly, you must palpate through which muscle?
Trapezius
what is the shared attachment site for three out of four rotator cuff muscles?
greater tubercle of the humerus
which rotator cuff muscle creates shoulder abduction?
supraspinatus
Rhomboids are superficial to the erector spinae and deep to the ___?
Trapezius (upper body)
What action can you ask your partner to perform to enable you to feel the levator scapula contract?
shoulder shrugs
Which head of the biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular groove?
Long Head of the Bicep
Which movement would contract the fibers of the biceps brachii?
Elbow flexion
Which muscle is a strong elbow flexor located deep to the biceps brachii?
brachialis
Which muscle runs between the pisiform and the medical epicondyle of the humerus?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
To access the supinator you must palpate deep to which muscle group
A.Forearm extensors
B.Forearm flexors
A.Forearm extensors
The ___ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.
B) suprasternal notch
_____________ do(does) not belong to the pectoral girdle.
The sacroiliac joint
You cannot palpate the ________________ on a living person.
medial surface of the fibula.
The acromion is a feature of the?
scapula
The sciatic notch does not belong to the femur. True or False?
True
What structure in the knee prevents hyperextension?
the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
What bony tuberosity are you sitting on?
Ischial tuberosity
The distal end of the tibia articulates with the talus. True or False?
True
What is the heel bone called?
Calcaneus
What is another name for the first great toe?
Hallux/Hallucis
There are eight carpal bones, and their names are:
What is the pneumonic for this?
scaphoid, lunate, triquitrum, pisiform/trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.
Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle.
The ulnar nerve enters the palm via the ____ __ _____.
hook of hamate
The ankle joint is most unstable in _____ _____.
plantar flexion
The bones is the _____ include the radius.
forearm
Nerve root entrapment of C5 and C6 might cause weakness in which muscle?
Biceps Brachii
Pronator teres hypertonicity may entrap which nerve?
Median Nerve
The Terrible Triad of O’Donoghue is a torn ___, ____, and a torn ____ ____.
MCL, ACL, medial meniscus
The _______ ______ is a large superficial vein that travels down the entire length of the medial thigh and lower leg?
great saphenous
Supraspinatus tendonitis may also inflame which structure?
Subacromial bursa
which structure in the knee prevents side to side deviation of the medial side?
The Medial Collateral Ligament
Sciatic Nerve (L4-S2) exits out of the:
greater sciatic notch (aka sciatic notch)
Which bone forms the apex of the longitudinal arch?
Navicular
Each adult pelvis is made up of what 3 bones?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
What is the bony landmark distal to the patella?
Tibial tuberosity
Which connective tissue structure connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity?
Patellar ligament
What can be palpated by following the superior portion of the ilium from the ASIS to the PSIS?
iliac crest
The most common injuries to the knee are the ____ and _____.
meniscus and ACL
The triceps are innervated by what nerve?
the radial nerve
A cyclist complains of numbness in her hypothenar eminence and 4th and 5th fingers after riding all day. What nerve is being entrapped?
ulnar nerve
Which muscle group can be found along the thigh’s anterior and lateral surfaces?
Quadriceps
Which muscle acts as an antagonist to ilio-psoas during flexion of the hip?
Gluteus maximus
Which movement is created by all muscles of the quadriceps group?
Extension of the knee
What attachment site do all the hamstrings have in common?
Ischial tuberosity
Of the gluteal muscles, which is the most posterior and superficial?
Gluteus maximus
Which tight band of connective tissue can be isolate just lateral to the distal biceps femoris tendon?
Iliotibial tract
Which three tendons blend together to become the pes anserinus tendon?
Semitendinous, gracilis, sartorius
The lateral rotators of the hip share a common attachment on or very near which bony landmark?
Greater trochanter
Which muscle lies superficial to the sciatic nerve and can compress the nerve if over-contracted?
Piriformis
Along the ankle’s dorsal surface, the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior both loop underneath which band of connective tissue?
Extensor retinaculum
The pectoralis major inserts on the:
crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A maximally stretched muscle will have____ contraction power since the actin and myosin filaments: ____ _____ ____.
less, cannot adequately interact
Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine transmit chemical messages at the neuromuscular junctions. True or False?
True
