Class 13

Question 1

Cervical plexus in the neck:

supplies neck and ______ nerve to the ______

Answer 1

C1 to C5, phrenic, diaphragm

Question 2

Brachial plexus near the shoulder:
supplies ____ _____ and some of _______ and _____.
______ nerve – carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 2

C5 to T1, upper limb, shoulder, neck, median

Question 3

Lumbar plexus in the lower back:

supplies _______ ____, anterior ____ and ______

Answer 3

L1 to L4, abdominal wall, thigh, genitalia

Question 4

Sacral plexus in the pelvis: ______ and _____

supplies remainder of lower ____ and lower ___

Answer 4

L4, L5, S1 to S4, trunk, limb

Question 5

Coccygeal plexus:_____ and ___

Answer 5

S4, S5, C0

Question 6

Sensory (Somatosensory) function:

Proprioception :

Answer 6

carry sensory signals from bones, joints, muscles, and the skin

brain receives information about body position and movements from nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and joints

Question 7

Motor function – primarily to stimulate ______ ______.

Answer 7

muscle contraction

Question 8

radial nerve injury:

Answer 8

passes through axilla
crutch paralysis
wrist drop

Question 9

sciatic nerve injury
sciatica – sharp pain that travels from ____ ____ along the _____ side of the thigh and leg to _____

ninety percent of cases result from herniated _______ ___ or osteoporosis of _____ spine

Answer 9

gluteal region, posterior, ankle

intervertebral disc, lower

Question 10

Chickenpox

Answer 10

common disease of early childhood
caused by varicella-zoster virus
produces itchy rash that clears up without complications

Question 11

Varicella-virus remains for life in the ____ _____ ____ and is kept in check by the _____ system

Answer 11

posterior root ganglia, immune

Question 12

Shingles (herpes zoster) – localized disease caused by the virus traveling down the ____ ____ by fast _____ _____ when immune system is compromised

Answer 12

sensory nerves, axonal transport

Question 13

Shingles:
common after age of ___
painful trail of skin _______ and fluid-filled vesicles along path of _____
usually in chest and waist on ___ side of the body
pain and _____
childhood ____ ____ vaccinations reduce the risk of shingles later in life

Answer 13

50, discoloration, nerve, one, itching, chicken pox

Question 14

Dermatome –

Answer 14

a specific area of the skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves

Question 15

Dermatome map –

Answer 15

a diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve

Question 16

Dermatomes overlap their edges as much as ____

- necessary to sever or anesthetize _____ successive spinal nerves to produce a total loss of sensation in one dermatome

Answer 16

50%, three

Question 17

Pain and/or paresthesia within a dermatome reflects pathology at the involved _____ level!

Ex: Numbness and burning down the C7 dermatome can result from a cervical disc herniation between ___ and ___

Answer 17

spinal, C6 and C7

Question 18

Dermatomes can be tested for sensitivity using a ______ or ______ object.
Goal is to evaluate changes such as _______ or ________
Reflect nerve root issues in _____.

Answer 18

pinwheel, sharp, numbness, hypersensitivity, spine

Question 19

Know these dermatomes:
C5, 6, 7, 8
L4, 5, S1

Answer 19

Go look at a map!

Question 20

Know images of 
Cervical plexus 
Brachial plexus 
Lumbar plexus 
Sacral plexus
Coccygeal plexus

Answer 20

Look at em!

Question 21

Reflexes:

Answer 21

quick, involuntary, stereotyped reactions of glands or muscle to stimulation

Question 22

Automatic responses to sensory input that occur without our intent or often even our awareness?

Answer 22

Reflexes

Question 23

Four important properties of a reflex:

Answer 23

reflexes require stimulation
reflexes are quick (1/50th of a second! – 5-20 milliseconds)
reflexes are involuntary
reflexes are stereotyped

Question 24

Reflexes include glandular secretion and contraction of ____ ____ types of muscle.
include some _____ responses: ______ reflexes

Answer 24

all three, learned, conditioned

Question 25

Unlearned skeletal muscle reflexes are mediated by the ______ and _________.

Answer 25

brainstem and spinal cord

Question 26

Reflexes are _____ – since they involve the _____ _____ _____.

Visceral reflexes deal with the _________.

Answer 26

somatic, somatic nervous system, organs (viscera)

Question 27

What is the pathway of a reflex arch?

Answer 27

somatic receptors
afferent nerve fibers
integrating center
efferent nerve fibers
skeletal muscles

Question 28

somatic receptors are in:

Answer 28

skin, muscles, or tendons

Question 29

afferent nerve fibers carry information ____receptors ___ posterior horn of spinal cord or the brainstem.

Answer 29

from, to

Question 30

the integrating center is a point of synaptic contact between ______ in the gray matter of the spinal cord or brainstem.
-determines whether the ______ neurons issue a signal to the muscles

Answer 30

neurons, efferent

Question 31

efferent nerve fibers carry motor impulses___ skeletal muscle

Answer 31

to

Question 32

skeletal muscles: the somatic _______ carry out the response

Answer 32

effectors

Question 33

Muscle Spindle: ______ receptors (aka _______ fibers) embedded in skeletal muscles.

Answer 33

Stretch, intrafusal

Question 34

specialized sense organs to monitor the position and movement of the body parts

Answer 34

Proprioceptors

Question 35

Muscle spindles inform the brain of _____ length and ____ _____.

Answer 35

muscle, body movement

Question 36

Muscle spindles enable brain to send motor commands back to the muscles that control ______ _____, corrective ______, muscle _____, and ______

Answer 36

coordinated movement, reflexes, tone, posture

Question 37

when a muscle is stretched, it ‘fights back’ and contracts which maintains increased tonus, making it stiffer than unstretched muscle:

Answer 37

Stretch (myotatic) reflex

Question 38

Stretch (myotatic) reflex helps maintain _____ and ______
-head starts to tip forward as you fall asleep
muscles _____ to raise the head ie “the nods”
-stabilize joints by balancing tension in _____ and _____ smoothing muscle _____.

Answer 38

equilibrium, posture, contract, extensors, flexors, actions

Question 39

Stretch reflex is mediated primarily by the _____.

- NOT strictly a _____ reflex

Answer 39

brain, spinal

Question 40

reflexive contraction of a muscle when its tendon is tapped (the stretched tendon pulls on the muscle!)

Answer 40

Tendon reflex

Question 41

Examples of a Tendon Reflex:
1. Knee-jerk (patellar) reflex is ______ reflex:
_____ _____ between the afferent and efferent neurons
2. Testing somatic reflexes helps diagnose _____ diseases

Answer 41

monosynaptic, one synapse, many

Question 42

Reciprocal Inhibition:

• When the agonist is stimulated the antagonist is ______
• Prevents muscles from working _____ each other by _____ the antagonist
• Helpful in _______ to increase range of motion

Answer 42

inhibited, against, inhibiting, rehabilitation

Question 43

the quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrawal of a limb from an injurious stimulus

Answer 43

flexor reflex

Question 44

The Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflexes: requires contraction of the _____ and relaxation of the ______ in that limb

Answer 44

flexors, extensors

Question 45

Flexor reflexes have a _______ reflex arc – pathway in which signals travel over _____ _____ on their way back to the muscle

Answer 45

polysynaptic, many synapses

Question 46

The crossed extension reflex is also known as the ______ reflex arc.

Answer 46

contralateral

Question 47

the contraction of extensor muscles in the limb opposite of the one that is withdrawn:

Answer 47

crossed extension reflex –(aka contralateral reflex arc)

Question 48

crossed extension reflex –(aka contralateral reflex arc): maintains balance by extending ____ leg.

Answer 48

other

Question 49

Tendon organs – _______ in a tendon near its junction with a _____.
Golgi tendon organ - ____ long, nerve fibers entwined in ____ fibers of the tendon

Answer 49

proprioceptors, muscle, 1mm, collagen

Question 50

The Golgi-Tendon reflex:
Tendon reflex – in response to _____ ____ on the tendon.
-inhibits _____ from contracting strongly
-moderates _____ contraction before it tears a tendon or pulls it loose from the _____ or ____.

Answer 50

excessive tension, muscle, muscle, muscle or bone