Skull and Meninges Anatomy

Question 1

name the three foramens on the frontal aspect of the skull

Answer 1

supraorbital
infraorbital
mental foramen

Question 2

what exits the supraorbital foramen?

Answer 2

V1 of the trigeminal

Question 3

what exits the infraorbital foramen?

Answer 3

V2 of the trigeminal

Question 4

what exits the mental foramen?

Answer 4

V3 of the trigeminal

Question 5

what is the name of the location on the side of the skull where all the bones articulate?

Answer 5

pterion

Question 6

what lies just under the pterion?

Answer 6

middle meningeal artery

Question 7

what are the grooves for in the skull?

Answer 7

they house the middle meningeal vessels

Question 8

what are the foveolae in the skull?

Answer 8

they are pits that are formed by the arachnoid granulations

Question 9

what is the structure in an infant skull that has not fully formed yet?

Answer 9

anterior fontanelle

Question 10

what age does the anterior fontanelle harden and close?

Answer 10

18-24 mos

Question 11

if anterior fontanelle is sunken, what is it a sign for in baby?

Answer 11

dehydration

Question 12

if anterior fontanelle is elevated, what is it a sign for in baby?

Answer 12

increased intracranial pressure…hydrocephaly/encephalitis

Question 13

what is scaphocephaly?

Answer 13

premature closure of sagittal suture in infant leading to long narrow neurocranium

Question 14

what is brachycephaly?

Answer 14

premature closure of coronal suture leading to short and wide neurocranium

Question 15

what are the large locations that hold CSF in the brain called?

Answer 15

cisterns

Question 16

where doe the arachnoid granulations penetrate to get into venous system?

Answer 16

the dura mater

Question 17

what are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 17

outer periosteal and inner meningeal layer

Question 18

when the two layers of the dura mater diverge, what do they form?

Answer 18

dural venous sinuses

Question 19

when the inner meningeal layer of the dura mater converges with itself, what does it form?

Answer 19

partitions in the brain

Question 20

name the two major partitions of the brain

Answer 20

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 21

what does the falx cerebri divide?

Answer 21

separates the cerebral hemispheres

Question 22

what does the tentorium cerebelli divdide?

Answer 22

occipital lobe and cerebellum

Question 23

what is the tentorial notch?

Answer 23

U shaped margin of the tentorium cerebelli

Question 24

what often occurs in the tentorial notch?

Answer 24

brain herniations

Question 25

do the dural venous sinuses have valves?

Answer 25

no blood flow in any direction

Question 26

name the six dural venous sinuses

Answer 26

``` superior sagittal inferior sagittal straight transverse sigmoid cavernous ```

Question 27

what is the most important dural venous sinus?

Answer 27

cavernous

Question 28

what lies in the middle of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 28

pituitary gland

Question 29

what artery runs through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 29

internal carotid artery

Question 30

name the five cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus

Answer 30

occulomotor (CNIII) Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal divisions V1 and V2 Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 31

what other vessels can drain into the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 31

facial veins

Question 32

if facial veins drain into venous sinuses then what can happen if infection involved?

Answer 32

cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 33

what causes an epidural hematoma?

Answer 33

rupture of meningeal artery

Question 34

what is the shape of a epidural hematoma on CT?

Answer 34

biconvex lens like appearance

Question 35

what causes a subdural hematoma?

Answer 35

rupture of cerebral veins

Question 36

what is the shape of a subdural hematoma on CT?

Answer 36

crescent shape

Question 37

what causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 37

rupture of cerebral artery

Question 38

what are the signs of a skull bone fracture?

Answer 38

bilateral periorbital ecchymosis hemotympanum post auricular ecchymosis

Question 39

why do you get the bruising signs around the eye and ear with skull bone fracture?

Answer 39

because the meninges are torn

Question 40

name the three skull base fossas

Answer 40

anterior cranial middle cranial posterior cranial

Question 41

what is the bony protrusion that houses the pituitary gland?

Answer 41

sella turcica

Question 42

CNI

Answer 42

olfactory nerve

Question 43

CNII

Answer 43

optic nerve

Question 44

CNIII

Answer 44

occulomotor nerve

Question 45

CNIV

Answer 45

trochlear nerve

Question 46

CNV

Answer 46

trigeminal nerve

Question 47

CNVI

Answer 47

Abducens nerve

Question 48

CNVII

Answer 48

facial

Question 49

CNVIII

Answer 49

vestibulocochlear

Question 50

CNIX

Answer 50

glossopharyngeal

Question 51

CNX

Answer 51

vagus

Question 52

CNXI

Answer 52

spinal accessory

Question 53

CNXII

Answer 53

hypoglossal

Question 54

what nerve exits the cribiform plate?

Answer 54

olfactory nerve CNI

Question 55

what nerve exits the optic canal?

Answer 55

optic nerve CNII

Question 56

what nerves exit the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 56

CN III (occulomotor) CNIV (trochlear) CN V1 (trigeminall) CN VI (abducens)`

Question 57

what nerve exits the foramen rotundum?

Answer 57

V2...maxillary division of trigeminal

Question 58

what nerve exits the foramen ovale?

Answer 58

V3...mandible division of trigeminal

Question 59

what nerves exit the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 59

facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Question 60

what nerves exit the jugular foramen?

Answer 60

glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (XI)

Question 61

what nerve exits the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 61

hypoglossal (XII)

Question 62

is the cranial dura mater highly or lowly innervated?

Answer 62

very highly innervated

Question 63

what nerves help innervate the cranial dura mater?

Answer 63

trigeminal nerve vagus nerve cervical nerves

Question 64

in the cavernous sinus, what nerve lies just below the internal carotid artery?

Answer 64

CN VI (abducens)