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Neuro Week 1 > Skull and Meninges Anatomy > Flashcards

Skull and Meninges Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

name the three foramens on the frontal aspect of the skull

A

supraorbital
infraorbital
mental foramen

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2
Q

what exits the supraorbital foramen?

A

V1 of the trigeminal

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3
Q

what exits the infraorbital foramen?

A

V2 of the trigeminal

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4
Q

what exits the mental foramen?

A

V3 of the trigeminal

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5
Q

what is the name of the location on the side of the skull where all the bones articulate?

A

pterion

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6
Q

what lies just under the pterion?

A

middle meningeal artery

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7
Q

what are the grooves for in the skull?

A

they house the middle meningeal vessels

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8
Q

what are the foveolae in the skull?

A

they are pits that are formed by the arachnoid granulations

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9
Q

what is the structure in an infant skull that has not fully formed yet?

A

anterior fontanelle

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10
Q

what age does the anterior fontanelle harden and close?

A

18-24 mos

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11
Q

if anterior fontanelle is sunken, what is it a sign for in baby?

A

dehydration

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12
Q

if anterior fontanelle is elevated, what is it a sign for in baby?

A

increased intracranial pressure…hydrocephaly/encephalitis

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13
Q

what is scaphocephaly?

A

premature closure of sagittal suture in infant leading to long narrow neurocranium

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14
Q

what is brachycephaly?

A

premature closure of coronal suture leading to short and wide neurocranium

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15
Q

what are the large locations that hold CSF in the brain called?

A

cisterns

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16
Q

where doe the arachnoid granulations penetrate to get into venous system?

A

the dura mater

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17
Q

what are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

outer periosteal and inner meningeal layer

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18
Q

when the two layers of the dura mater diverge, what do they form?

A

dural venous sinuses

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19
Q

when the inner meningeal layer of the dura mater converges with itself, what does it form?

A

partitions in the brain

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20
Q

name the two major partitions of the brain

A

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

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21
Q

what does the falx cerebri divide?

A

separates the cerebral hemispheres

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22
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli divdide?

A

occipital lobe and cerebellum

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23
Q

what is the tentorial notch?

A

U shaped margin of the tentorium cerebelli

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24
Q

what often occurs in the tentorial notch?

A

brain herniations

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25
Q

do the dural venous sinuses have valves?

A

no blood flow in any direction

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26
Q

name the six dural venous sinuses

A 
superior sagittal
inferior sagittal
straight
transverse 
sigmoid
cavernous
27
Q

what is the most important dural venous sinus?

A

cavernous

28
Q

what lies in the middle of the cavernous sinus?

A

pituitary gland

29
Q

what artery runs through the cavernous sinus?

A

internal carotid artery

30
Q

name the five cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus

A

occulomotor (CNIII)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal divisions V1 and V2
Abducens nerve (VI)

31
Q

what other vessels can drain into the dural venous sinuses?

A

facial veins

32
Q

if facial veins drain into venous sinuses then what can happen if infection involved?

A

cavernous sinus thrombosis

33
Q

what causes an epidural hematoma?

A

rupture of meningeal artery

34
Q

what is the shape of a epidural hematoma on CT?

A

biconvex lens like appearance

35
Q

what causes a subdural hematoma?

A

rupture of cerebral veins

36
Q

what is the shape of a subdural hematoma on CT?

A

crescent shape

37
Q

what causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

rupture of cerebral artery

38
Q

what are the signs of a skull bone fracture?

A

bilateral periorbital ecchymosis
hemotympanum
post auricular ecchymosis

39
Q

why do you get the bruising signs around the eye and ear with skull bone fracture?

A

because the meninges are torn

40
Q

name the three skull base fossas

A

anterior cranial
middle cranial
posterior cranial

41
Q

what is the bony protrusion that houses the pituitary gland?

A

sella turcica

42
Q

CNI

A

olfactory nerve

43
Q

CNII

A

optic nerve

44
Q

CNIII

A

occulomotor nerve

45
Q

CNIV

A

trochlear nerve

46
Q

CNV

A

trigeminal nerve

47
Q

CNVI

A

Abducens nerve

48
Q

CNVII

A

facial

49
Q

CNVIII

A

vestibulocochlear

50
Q

CNIX

A

glossopharyngeal

51
Q

CNX

A

vagus

52
Q

CNXI

A

spinal accessory

53
Q

CNXII

A

hypoglossal

54
Q

what nerve exits the cribiform plate?

A

olfactory nerve CNI

55
Q

what nerve exits the optic canal?

A

optic nerve CNII

56
Q

what nerves exit the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III (occulomotor) CNIV (trochlear) CN V1 (trigeminall) CN VI (abducens)`

57
Q

what nerve exits the foramen rotundum?

A

V2…maxillary division of trigeminal

58
Q

what nerve exits the foramen ovale?

A

V3…mandible division of trigeminal

59
Q

what nerves exit the internal acoustic meatus?

A

facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)

60
Q

what nerves exit the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (XI)

61
Q

what nerve exits the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal (XII)

62
Q

is the cranial dura mater highly or lowly innervated?

A

very highly innervated

63
Q

what nerves help innervate the cranial dura mater?

A

trigeminal nerve
vagus nerve
cervical nerves

64
Q

in the cavernous sinus, what nerve lies just below the internal carotid artery?

A

CN VI (abducens)

Neuro Week 1 (10 decks)

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