Diencephalon Anatomy Flashcards by Luke Hayek

name the four parts of the diencephalon

thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus

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what does the epithalamus become?

pineal gland

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what is role of pineal gland?

secrete melatonin and regulate circadian rhythms

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name the six subnuclei of the thalamus

VPL (ventralposterolateral)
VA (ventral anterior
VL ventral lateral
VPM ventralpostero medial
LGN lateral geniculate nucleus
MGN medial geniculate nucleus

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what is the input to the VPL?

spinothalamic and dorsal column medial lemniscus

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what is the senses that the VPL receives?

vibration, pain, pressure, proprioception, touch and temp

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where does the VPL project to?

somatosensory cortex

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what is the input of the VPM (ventral posteromedial)

trigeminal and gustatory pathway

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what are the sensed of the VPM?

face sensation and taste

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where does the VPM project to?

somatosensory cortex

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what is the input to the lateral geniculate nucleus?

CNII, optic chiasm and optic tract

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what is the sense of the lateral geniculate nucleus?

vision

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where does the lateral geniculate nucleus project from the thalamus?

primary visual cortex

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what is the input of the medial geniculate nucleus?

superior olive and inferior colliculus of the tectum

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what is the sense of the medial geniculate nucleus?

hearing

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where does the medial geniculate nucleus project?

auditory cortex of temporal lobe

what is the input of the ventral lateral nucleus?

basal ganglia and cerebellum

what is the function of the ventral lateral nucleus?

motor function

where does the ventral lateral nucleus project?

motor cortex

what sense does not relay through the thalamus?

olfaction

what are the main functions of the hypothalamus?

Thirst and water balance
Adenohypophysis 
Neurohypophysis
Hunger
ANS
Temperarture
Sex druve

what is Adenoypophysis?

control of anterior pituitary hormone release by hypothal

what is Neurohypophysis?

control of posterior pituitary hormone release by hypothal

name the seven nuclei to know of the hypothalamus

lateral nucleus
ventromedial nucleus
anterior
posterior
suprachiasmatic
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
preoptic

what is the role of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Hunger/feeding

a lesion of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

anorexia

what is the role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus?

satiety

a lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

hyperphagia...weight gain

what is the role of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus?

temperature cooling (AC)

a lesion of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

hyperthermia

what is the role of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus?

heating temperature

a lesion of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

hypothermia

what is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

circadian rhythm

what is the role of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

synthesize ADH and oxytocin

which of the supraoptic/paraventricual nuclei of the hypothalamus makes oxytocin?

paraventricular

which of the supraoptic/paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus makes ADH?

supraoptic nuclei

what is the role of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

thermoregulation, sex and GnRH release

a lesion of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what syndrom? what is the cause of this?

Kallman syndrome...no GnRH secretion

what is the symptom of kallman syndrom?

no puberty