Diencephalon Anatomy Flashcards
name the four parts of the diencephalon
thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus
what does the epithalamus become?
pineal gland
what is role of pineal gland?
secrete melatonin and regulate circadian rhythms
name the six subnuclei of the thalamus
VPL (ventralposterolateral) VA (ventral anterior VL ventral lateral VPM ventralpostero medial LGN lateral geniculate nucleus MGN medial geniculate nucleus
what is the input to the VPL?
spinothalamic and dorsal column medial lemniscus
what is the senses that the VPL receives?
vibration, pain, pressure, proprioception, touch and temp
where does the VPL project to?
somatosensory cortex
what is the input of the VPM (ventral posteromedial)
trigeminal and gustatory pathway
what are the sensed of the VPM?
face sensation and taste
where does the VPM project to?
somatosensory cortex
what is the input to the lateral geniculate nucleus?
CNII, optic chiasm and optic tract
what is the sense of the lateral geniculate nucleus?
vision
where does the lateral geniculate nucleus project from the thalamus?
primary visual cortex
what is the input of the medial geniculate nucleus?
superior olive and inferior colliculus of the tectum
what is the sense of the medial geniculate nucleus?
hearing
where does the medial geniculate nucleus project?
auditory cortex of temporal lobe
what is the input of the ventral lateral nucleus?
basal ganglia and cerebellum
what is the function of the ventral lateral nucleus?
motor function
where does the ventral lateral nucleus project?
motor cortex
what sense does not relay through the thalamus?
olfaction
what are the main functions of the hypothalamus?
Thirst and water balance Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis Hunger ANS Temperarture Sex druve
what is Adenoypophysis?
control of anterior pituitary hormone release by hypothal
what is Neurohypophysis?
control of posterior pituitary hormone release by hypothal
name the seven nuclei to know of the hypothalamus
lateral nucleus ventromedial nucleus anterior posterior suprachiasmatic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei preoptic
what is the role of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus?
Hunger/feeding
a lesion of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?
anorexia
what is the role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus?
satiety
a lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?
hyperphagia…weight gain
what is the role of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus?
temperature cooling (AC)
a lesion of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?
hyperthermia
what is the role of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus?
heating temperature
a lesion of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?
hypothermia
what is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?
circadian rhythm
what is the role of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?
synthesize ADH and oxytocin
which of the supraoptic/paraventricual nuclei of the hypothalamus makes oxytocin?
paraventricular
which of the supraoptic/paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus makes ADH?
supraoptic nuclei
what is the role of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus?
thermoregulation, sex and GnRH release
a lesion of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what syndrom? what is the cause of this?
Kallman syndrome…no GnRH secretion
what is the symptom of kallman syndrom?
no puberty
