Diencephalon Anatomy

Question 1

name the four parts of the diencephalon

Answer 1

thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus

Question 2

what does the epithalamus become?

Answer 2

pineal gland

Question 3

what is role of pineal gland?

Answer 3

secrete melatonin and regulate circadian rhythms

Question 4

name the six subnuclei of the thalamus

Answer 4

VPL (ventralposterolateral)
VA (ventral anterior
VL ventral lateral
VPM ventralpostero medial
LGN lateral geniculate nucleus
MGN medial geniculate nucleus

Question 5

what is the input to the VPL?

Answer 5

spinothalamic and dorsal column medial lemniscus

Question 6

what is the senses that the VPL receives?

Answer 6

vibration, pain, pressure, proprioception, touch and temp

Question 7

where does the VPL project to?

Answer 7

somatosensory cortex

Question 8

what is the input of the VPM (ventral posteromedial)

Answer 8

trigeminal and gustatory pathway

Question 9

what are the sensed of the VPM?

Answer 9

face sensation and taste

Question 10

where does the VPM project to?

Answer 10

somatosensory cortex

Question 11

what is the input to the lateral geniculate nucleus?

Answer 11

CNII, optic chiasm and optic tract

Question 12

what is the sense of the lateral geniculate nucleus?

Answer 12

vision

Question 13

where does the lateral geniculate nucleus project from the thalamus?

Answer 13

primary visual cortex

Question 14

what is the input of the medial geniculate nucleus?

Answer 14

superior olive and inferior colliculus of the tectum

Question 15

what is the sense of the medial geniculate nucleus?

Answer 15

hearing

Question 16

where does the medial geniculate nucleus project?

Answer 16

auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 17

what is the input of the ventral lateral nucleus?

Answer 17

basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 18

what is the function of the ventral lateral nucleus?

Answer 18

motor function

Question 19

where does the ventral lateral nucleus project?

Answer 19

motor cortex

Question 20

what sense does not relay through the thalamus?

Answer 20

olfaction

Question 21

what are the main functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 21

Thirst and water balance
Adenohypophysis 
Neurohypophysis
Hunger
ANS
Temperarture
Sex druve

Question 22

what is Adenoypophysis?

Answer 22

control of anterior pituitary hormone release by hypothal

Question 23

what is Neurohypophysis?

Answer 23

control of posterior pituitary hormone release by hypothal

Question 24

name the seven nuclei to know of the hypothalamus

Answer 24

lateral nucleus
ventromedial nucleus
anterior
posterior
suprachiasmatic
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
preoptic

Question 25

what is the role of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 25

Hunger/feeding

Question 26

a lesion of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Answer 26

anorexia

Question 27

what is the role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 27

satiety

Question 28

a lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Answer 28

hyperphagia...weight gain

Question 29

what is the role of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 29

temperature cooling (AC)

Question 30

a lesion of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Answer 30

hyperthermia

Question 31

what is the role of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 31

heating temperature

Question 32

a lesion of the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what?

Answer 32

hypothermia

Question 33

what is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 33

circadian rhythm

Question 34

what is the role of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

Answer 34

synthesize ADH and oxytocin

Question 35

which of the supraoptic/paraventricual nuclei of the hypothalamus makes oxytocin?

Answer 35

paraventricular

Question 36

which of the supraoptic/paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus makes ADH?

Answer 36

supraoptic nuclei

Question 37

what is the role of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 37

thermoregulation, sex and GnRH release

Question 38

a lesion of the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus leads to what syndrom? what is the cause of this?

Answer 38

Kallman syndrome...no GnRH secretion

Question 39

what is the symptom of kallman syndrom?

Answer 39

no puberty