Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Week 1 > Histology and Cells of CNS > Flashcards

Histology and Cells of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

name the three functional classes of neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the rough ER called in neurons?

A

Nisl Substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is there not much rough ER?

A

near the axon hillock…will appear lighter on slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the five neuroglia cells

A 
astrocytes
schwann cells
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
microglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what cell contributes to the BBB?

A

astrocyte foot processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 5 functions of astrocytes

A 
scavenge debris
supply energy for metabolism
contribute to the glie limitans
structural support
help form scar tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what cell covers the nodes of ranvier in the CNS?

A

astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the glia limitans?

A

barrier between pia mater and nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the role of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

A

make myelin for several neurons each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the role of the microglia?

A

small phagocytic cells derived from monocytes, can become APCs when activated and secrete cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of schwann cells?

A

in PNS they wrap neurons with myelin…can only do one per schwann cell though`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

can a schwann cell support PNS neurons even if it isnt wrapping with myelin?

A

yes…but just isnt wrapped in myelin but surrounds many cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of the ependymal cells?

A

secrete CSF in the ventricles and line the ventricles of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what neurons are usually unmyelinated?

A

postganglionic neurons in the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the three layers surrounding a nerve

A

epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the epineurium cover?

A

the whole nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the perineurium cover?

A

bundle of nerve fibers within the nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a ganglia?

A

encapsulate aggregation of neuronal cell bodies outside of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two types of ganglia?

A

autonomic and sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what surrounds cells in the autonomic ganglia?

A

satellite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

are cell bodies in autonomic ganglia normal or irregular shape?

A

irregular shape

22
Q

are cell bodies in sensory ganglia normal or irregular shape?

A

normal round shape

23
Q

are cells in autonomic close together or spread out?

A

spread out

24
Q

are cells in sensory ganglia close together or spread out?

A

close

25
Q

what type of neuron is in sensory ganglia?

A

pseudounipolar

26
Q

name the six layers of the cerebral cortex from out to in

A 
molecular
external granular
external pyramidal
internal granular
internal pyramidal 
multiform layer
27
Q

what type of cell is in the pyramidal layers?

A

pyramidal shaped cell bodied neurons

28
Q

name the three parts of the BBB

A

endothelial cells
foot processes from astrocytes and
thick basement membrane

29
Q

do oligodendrocytes or schwann cells have a basal lamina?

A

schwann cells

30
Q

what is the role of satellite cells?

A

provide support and modulate neuronal enviro in the PNS

31
Q

what are the two directions for axonal movement?

A

anterograde and retrograde

32
Q

anterograde movement on axon happens at what two speeds?

A

slow…1mm/day and fast…400mm.day

33
Q

retrograde movement happens at what speed?

A

intermediate…100-200mm/day

34
Q

retrograde transport moves in what direction?

A

from axon terminal to cell body

35
Q

anterograde trsnport moves in what direction?

A

cell body to axon terminal

36
Q

dynein assists in retrograde or anterograde?

A

retrograde

37
Q

kinesis assists in retrograde or anterograde?

A

anterograde

38
Q

what is axotomy?

A

cut an axon

39
Q

what happens to the axon of neuron after axotomy?

A

anterograde degen and retrograde degen right at cut

40
Q

what happens to cell body of neuron after axotomy? 3 things

A

nucleus moves to periphery
nissl substance decreases in amount
cell swells

41
Q

explain why crush injuries lead to accurate nerve reinnervation

A

axons distal to site of crush still have basal lamina tract that was layed down by the schwann cells

42
Q

what happens to axon growth following crush injury?

A

proximal stump grows into distal stump and follows basal lamina tract

43
Q

explain why transection of a nerve leads to less accurate reinnervation

A

basal lamina put down by the schwann cells gets cut too and so the proximal stumps can go into different distal stumps and innervate in a different spot than they are supposed to

44
Q

what is it called when you have reinnervation following a nerve transection but it is a bit off?

A

anomalous reinnervation

45
Q

what happens when regeneration of axon occurs but it cannot find the distal stump basal lamina?

A

leads to axonal cluster…called a neuroma…and there is no reinnervation so degenerates

46
Q

can remyelination occur in CNS or PNS or both?

A

really just schwann cells in PNS able to do it

47
Q

can regeneration occur in the CNS?

A

not as likely as in PNS because there is not a basal lamina like put down by the schwann cells in the PNS

48
Q

what is molecular plasticity?

A

axon membranes acquire new voltage Na channels after injury

49
Q

what is synaptic plasticity?

A

increased activity at synapse

50
Q

what is collateral sprouting of axons?

A

targets that lose innervation can get sprouts of axons from surrounding axons

Neuro Week 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions