Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Week 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what week does CNS development start?

A

week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what germ layer does the CNS come from?

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neuroectoderm leads to what four things?

A

CNS neurons
oligodendroglia
astrocytes
ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neural crest cells lead to what type of neurons? and what cell type?

A

PNS neurons and schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the mesoderm leads to what cell type in CNS?

A

microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the first step in neurulation?

A

neural plate invaginates and makes a neural groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens to the neural groove in neurulation?

A

folds in and closes to become the neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

do neural crest cells lie ventral or dorsal to the neural tube?

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what week does neurulation end?

A

week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the last locations to close in neurulation?

A

cranial and caudal neuropores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what structure induces the ectoderm to start the neurulation procesS? what does this become?

A

notochord…becomes nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the neural tube lumen become? 2 things

A

ventricles of the brain and the central canal of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name the three layers of the neural tube wall

A

ventricular
intermediate
marginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the ventricular layer of the neural tube wall become?

A

ependymal cells..lining of ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the intermediate layer of the neural tube wall become?

A

gray matter (neuron cell bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the marginal layer of the neural tube wall become?

A

white matter (axon clusters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is the dorsal region of the SC associated with the alar or basal plate?

A

alar plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is the ventral region of the SC associated with the alar or basal plate?

A

basal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is the basal plate associated with the dorsal or ventral horn?

A

ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is the alar plate associated with the dorsal or ventral horn of the SC?

A

dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is the dorsal region/dorsal horn of the SC associated with motor or sensory?

A

sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is the ventral region/ horn of the SC associated with motor or sensory?

A

motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is the motor portion of the SC associated with the alar or basal plate?

A

basal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

is the sensory portion of the SC associated with the alar or basal plate?

A

alar

25
Q

the forebrain leads to what two structures

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

26
Q

the telencephalon leads to what?

A

cerebrum

27
Q

the diencephalon leads to what?

A

trick question…diencephalon

28
Q

the diencephalon consists of what three things?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

29
Q

the midbrain leads to what?

A

mesencephalon

30
Q

the mesencephalon leads to what?

A

midbrian

31
Q

the hindbrain leads to what two structures?

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

32
Q

the metencephalon leads to what 2 structures?

A

pons and cerebellum

33
Q

the myelencephalon leads to what?

A

medulla

34
Q

how does the brainstem develop?

A

just like the SC…alar plate leads to afferent cranial nerves that is associated with sensation and the basal plate leads to efferent cranial nerves that is associated with motor

35
Q

what is usual cause of NTD?

A

bone failure to close

36
Q

what is the risk factor for NTD?

A

folic acid deficiency in mom

37
Q

what is spina bifida occulta?

A

only tuft of hair or dimple comes through…no herniation

38
Q

what is meningocele?

A

meninges but no neural tissue herniate through bony defect

39
Q

what is myelomeningocele?

A

meninges and neural tissue herniate through bony defect

40
Q

what is myeloschisis/rachischisis?

A

exposed unfused neural tissue without skin/meningeal covering

41
Q

what is clinical prognosis of myeloschisis/rachischisis?

A

no function below the lesion

42
Q

what is myeloschisis/rachischisis usually associated with?

A

anencephaly

43
Q

what is anencephaly?

A

cranial/rostral neuropore does not close and forebrain does not form

44
Q

what is holoprosencephaly?

A

failure of forebrain to divide into two hemispheres so you get one big one

45
Q

what gene is associated with holoprosencephaly?

A

sonic hedgehog

46
Q

what can be elevated in mom that signal a potential neural tube defect?

A

alpha fetoprotein

47
Q

what structure are Chiari malformations associated with?

A

cerbellum

48
Q

what is Chiari 1 malformation an issue with?

A

tonsils of cerebellum herniate into the foramen magnum of the SC

49
Q

what is chiari 1 malformation associated with?

A

syringomyelia

50
Q

what is chiari 2 malformation an issue with?

A

herniation of vermis and tonsil of cerebellum through foramen magnum of SC with aqueductal stenosis

51
Q

the aqueductal stenosis in chiari 2 malformation can cause what? why?

A

hydrocephalus…because blocking leak from 3rd to fourth ventricle

52
Q

what is chiari 2 malformation often associated with?

A

myelomeningocele

53
Q

what is Dandy Walker malformation?

A

vermis agenesis in cerebellum

dilated fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus

54
Q

what gets filled by the fourth ventricle in Dandy walker malformation?

A

posterior fossa

55
Q

what is syringomyelia?

A

a tubular cavitation in the central canal of the SC

56
Q

how does syringomyelia present?

A

2nd or 3rd decade with wasting/weakness of hand/forearm muscles and loss of reflex in arm

57
Q

what is syringomyelia usually associated with?

A

chiari type 1 malformation

58
Q

what else can cause syringomyelia?

A

tumor, traume, meningitis, hemorrhage

Neuro Week 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions