Skull and cranial cavity

Question 1

Outline the acronym scalp and the innervation to the scalp

Answer 1

S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurotic layer
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium

innervation to the scalp is from the trigeminal nerve (5th) and spinal cutaneous nerves and the scalp extends over the neurocranium

Question 2

Outline the different parts of the skull

Answer 2

The skull is comprised of the neurocranium (8 bones) and the viscerocranium (14 bones)

Question 3

What bones comprise the neurocranium

Answer 3

8 bones- occipital, 2 temporal, 2 parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal

Question 4

What bones comprise the viscerocranium

Answer 4

14 bones- 2 nasal conchae, 2 nasal bones, 2 maxilla, 2 palatine bones, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 lacrimal bones, vomer and mandible

Question 5

What is a foramina

Answer 5

An opening that allows for nerves, veins to leave the skull and for arteries to enter.

Question 6

What does the cribiform plate foramina contain

Answer 6

CN 1

Question 7

What does the optic canal foramina contain

Answer 7

CN2, Ophthalmic A

Question 8

What does the superior orbital fissure foramina contain

Answer 8

CN 3,4,6,5 V1

Question 9

What does the rotundum foramina contain

Answer 9

CN5, V2

Question 10

What does the ovale foramina contain

Answer 10

CN5, V3, AMMA

Question 11

What does the lacerum foramina contain

Answer 11

carotic artery*

Question 12

What does the internal acoustic meatus foramina contain

Answer 12

CN7 and 8

Question 13

What does the jugular foramen contain

Answer 13

CN 9, 10, 11, IJV

Question 14

What does the hypoglossal canal foramina contain

Answer 14

CN12

Question 15

What does the magnum foramina contain

Answer 15

Spinal cord

Question 16

What are the 3 layers of the meninges of the skull

Answer 16

Dura mater (has 2 layers) , arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 17

What are the role of the meninges

Answer 17

protection, support network of blood vessels, form a fluid-filled cavity to cusion and nourish the brain.

Question 18

What are the two layers of the dura mater

Answer 18

The endosteal layer- completely stuck to the skull
the meningeal layer- goes around brain and spinal cord.

the two layers form a dural sinus

Question 19

What is the nerve and blood supply to the dura mater

Answer 19

CN 5, 10, C1-3 and sympathetic

blood supply- middle meningeal artery

Question 20

Outline the arachnoid mater

Answer 20

Thin avascular layer between pia and dura
and it is a loose layer with projections and all structures passing to and from the brain must pass through the subarachnoid space.

Question 21

Outline the pia mater

Answer 21

very delicate vascular membrane,

Question 22

How do the dural coverings continue down to the spinal cord

Answer 22

The dural mater only has the meningeal part and still has the arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 23

What is leptomeningitis

Answer 23

an infection and inflammation in the arachnoid and pia mater, it may enter the subarachnoid space and enters the blood and cause septicaemia.

Question 24

What are dural sinuses

Answer 24

created by the two layers of the dural mater and they become blood channels and they recieve excess csf which is picked up from arachnoid granulations. All the sinuses drain into the sigmoid sinus which then drains into the jugular vein

Question 25

Outline the blood supply to the brain

Answer 25

The brain is supplied by the internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery. Inside the skull there are 2 main branches: anterior cerebral and middle cerebral artery

Question 26

What is the circle and willis and how is it formed

Answer 26

Formed by an anastamosis between 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

Question 27

What part of the brain does the anterior/middle/posterior cerebral artery

Answer 27

supplies the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal lobe, lateral surfaces and temporal lobe, inferior surfaces and occipital lobe