anatomy of memory and emotion

Question 1

What are the different types of memory

Answer 1

short term- working memory (online, attention dependant)
- episodic- episodes of life events

long term- autibiographical

             - semantic memory (facts, info, concepts)
             - procedural motor actions and skills)

Question 2

What is the hippocampus

Answer 2

the brain region most important for episodic memory, encoding, and recollection of long term memories and spatial navigations.

Question 3

Where is the hippocampus and what is it made of.

Answer 3

the hippocampus is located on the inner surface of the temporal lobes, medially. composed of highly specialized cortical tissues.

Question 4

Outline the inputs to the hippocampus

Answer 4

multiple areas of the cerebral cortex: prefrontal, cingulate, temporal lobe and amygdala, olfactory bulb and they project into the hippocampus via the subiculum.

Question 5

Outline the outputs to the hippocampus

Answer 5

The prefrontal cortex, amygdala, septal nuclei, nucleus accumbens, mamillary bodies, anterior thalamus, the hypothalamus. the fornix is a major output pathway.

Question 6

What is the result of damage to the hippocampus

Answer 6

amnesia: memory loss: anterograde
difficulties in spatial navigation
regulatory problems: sleep, impulse control

Question 7

What can cause hippocampal damage

Answer 7

hypoxia, CO epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, infection, stress, depression and schizophrenia.

Question 8

Outline subcortical structures involved in memory

Answer 8

the amygdala, reward association, fear conditioning, learning of the threat, emotional enhancement of episodic memory.

striatum/ basal ganglia- caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
procedural, habitat

mamillary bodies, fornix and anterior thalamus.