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psychology > skinner > Flashcards

skinner Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of conditioning did skinner conduct experiments on

A

operant conditioning

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2
Q

what is the law of effect

A

a response that is followed by pleasant consequences becomes more probable and a response that is followed by unfavourable consequences becomes less probable

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3
Q

what is the basis for operant conditioning

A

the law of effect

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4
Q

what is reinforcement

A

positive consequences of behaviour

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5
Q

what is punishment

A

negative consequences of behaviour

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6
Q

what does it mean if a punishment/reinforcement is negative

A

something is taken away

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7
Q

what does it mean if a punishment/reinforcement is positive

A

something is added

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8
Q

what did skinner use to make his experiment more scientific

A

skinner box

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9
Q

how did the skinner box increase scientific accuracy

A

creates a controlled environment free from other environmental factors

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10
Q

how did the skinner box work

A

an animal would be placed inside the skinner box and delivered food if it pressed a lever

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11
Q

what did skinner record

A

the frequency of the lever being pressed by the animal

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12
Q

what does the frequency of the lever being pressed indicate

A

strength of conditioning

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13
Q

what are the two ways reinforcement can be scheduled

A

by ratio or interval

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14
Q

what is the most effective learning schedule

A

variable ratio

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15
Q

what is a variable ratio

A

when an event occurs at fixed average intervals, however they are different and unpredictable

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16
Q

what are the strengths of operant conditioning

A

highly scientific, real life applications

17
Q

what is a real life application of operant conditioning

A

token economy

18
Q

what is a token economy

A

when desirable behaviour is reinforced with tokens which can be exchanged for other rewards

19
Q

what is an example of a token economy

A

upper and newton - weight gain associated with antipsychotics could be reduced with a token economy regime

20
Q

what is a limitation of operant conditioning

A

the use of non-human animals

21
Q

why is the use of non-human animals a limitation

A

the results may not be generalisable to humans

22
Q

what other factors not found in animals may affect human behaviour

A

complex emotions, culture, education

psychology (23 decks)

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