Skin Types and Ingredients Flashcards
List 5 healthy habits for your skin
- wearing suncreen daily
- using good skincare products at home
- drinking lots of water
- healthy diet (avoid sugar and lactose)
- avoid alcohol and smoking
List 4 Internal factors that effect the skin
- genetics
- hormones
- glycation
- illness/disease
List 4 external factors that effect the skin
- sun exposure
- extreme temperatures/climate
- smoking
- poor diet
List 4 characteristicsof NORMAL skin
- small to medium pore size
- normal oil levels
- normal hydration
- normal thickness
List 4 characteristics of OILY skin
- large pore size
- high sebum levels (shiny appearance)
- many comedones
- thick skin (hyperkeratinized)
List 4 characteristics of DRY skin
- small to invisible pores
- lack of sebum (skin will look matte or powdery)
- comedones and blemishes are rare
- thin skin (hypokeratinized)
List 4 characteristics of COMBINATION skin
- medium to large pore size
- skin is oiler in the T-zone
- skin will be thicker in T-zone
- comedones and breakouts in oiler areas
List 4 characteristics of DEHYDRATED skin
- thin/tight skin
- flakey, itchy
- fine lines
- dull appearance
List 4 characteristics of SENSITIVE skin
- blushing/ redness
- visible dilated blood vessels
- pustular breakouts
- sensitive to products
List 4 charcteristics of ACNEIC skin
- very oily/shiny appearance
- many comedones
- papules and pustles
- redness and inflammation
List 4 characteristics of MATURE skin
- presence of wrinkles
- loss of elasticity
- pigmentation
- loss of adipose tissue
Goals for OILY skin
- decrease sebum production
- keep follicles from clogging
- oil/water balance
Goals for DRY skin
- moisturize,
- replenish hydration
- restore barrier function
Goals for ACNEIC skin
- inhibit p. acne bacteria
- decrease sebum production
- keep pores from clogging
- reduce inflammation
Goals for SENSITIVE skin
- Sooth, calm,
- restore barrier
- reduce inflammation
Goals for DEHYDRATED skin
- replenish hydration
- restore barrier function
Goals for MATURE skin
- moisturize
- increase production of collagen
- replenish hydration
- lighten/brighten
- nourish
4 Ingredients for OILY skin
Salicylic Acid
Glycolic acid
Mandelic acid (sebum regulating)
Green Tea
4 Ingredients for DRY skin
Aloe Vera
Mineral oil
Ceramides
Lactic acid (natural moisturizer)
4 ingredients for COMBO skin
Mandelic Acid (sebum regulating)
Vitamin C
Niacinamide
Green Tea
4 Ingredients for ACNEIC skin
Salicylic acid
Sulfur
Benxoyl peroxide
recorcinol
4 ingredients for SENSITIVE skin
aloe vera
calendula oil
green tea
niacinamide
4 Ingredients for MATURE skin
retinol
vitamin C
coenzyme Q10
ceramides
4 ingredients for DEHYDRATED skin
hyaluronic acid
glycerin
green tea
aloe vera
4 ingredients for HYPERPIGMENTATION
vit C
licorice
bearberry
kojic acid
what does pH stand for? what does it measure?
potential hydrogen
measures acidity and alkalinity (1-14)
2 examples of acidic substances
2 examples of alkaline substances
Acidic: Lemon juice (pH 2), Vinegar (pH3)
Alkaline: Baking soda (pH 8), soap (pH 10)
Define delivery systems
used to distribute products into the skin
Define Solution
A stable mixture of two or more miscible substaces
Define Suspension
An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances
Define Emulsion
A farly stable mixture of two immiscible substaces with aid of an emulsifier (emulsifiers are a type of surfactant)
What is the difference between functional and performance ingredients?
Functional ingredients: ingredients that help in the formulation of a product, dont affect skins appearance
Performance ingredients: ingredients that affect the skins appearance (actives)
What are the functions of emollients?
Funtional ingredients: help products spread and keep other substances on skin
Performance ingredients: help lubricate the skin and maintain the barrier function.
what are emollients made of?
LIPIDS
Define preservatives
functional ingredients that prevent bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms from growing and living in the product
What are surfactants?
Functional ingredients that reduce surface tension as well as help products spread. Their molecules have water loving heads and oil loving tails.
Name two types of surfactants and their function
Detergents - used mainly in cleansers, cause product to foam to remove makeup dirt oil
Emulsifiers - cause water and oil to mix
3 examples of Oil in Water emulsions
cleansers
shampoo
light lotions
3 exmples of Water in Oil emulsions
night creams
sunscreen
massage creams
Symptoms of allergic reactions (4)
inflammation itching rashes blisters puffy eyes
Define mechanical exfoliation and give 3 ingredients
Ingredients used to polish away dead skin cells on skins surface
- ground nuts/seeds
- oatmeal
- jojoba beads
Define chemical exfoliation and 3 examples
Ingredients dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix that holds them together
- enzymes
- Alpha hydroxy acids
- Beta hydroxy acids
2 types of enzymes for exfoliation
Bromelain (pineapple)
Papain (Papaya)
Whats the difference between AHA’s and BHA’s
AHA’s are water soluble and dissolve the intercellular matrix, derived from fruits and nuts
BHA’s are oil soluble so can help dissolve the intercellular matrix as well as penetrate follicles to dissolve sebum
Name 3 AHA’s and their origins
glycolic acid (sugar cane) mandelic acid (bitter almonds) malic acid (apples)
Which AHA has the smallest molecule?
glycolic acid ( considered the most active)
Which AHA has moisturizing properties and is gentle?
lactic acid
which AHA has sebum regulting properties?
mandelic acid
list 4 lighteners/brighteners
licorice
vit C
bearberry
kojic acid
WHat is a humectant? list 3
humectants are water binding molecules and keep skin hydrated
- hyaluronic acid
- glycerin
- aloe vera
List 3 Functions of Vitamin C
- collagen synthesis
- lightener/brightener
- antioxidant
- anti inflammatory
- protects against UV exposure
The difference between chemical and physical suncreen?
- physical suncreen reflects and scatters uv rays
- chemical suncreen absorbs the uv rays converts them into heat and releases the heat from the skin
2 examples of ingredients for chemical suncreen?
zinc oxide
titanium dioxide
what does SPF stand for?
sun protection factor
How to calculate how often to apply?
time it takes you to burn normally X SPF = minutes you need to reapply / 60
30 X 20 = 600/60
every 10 hours
What is LED light?
WHat colors target what?
Light Emitted Diode
Red = collagen/elastin
Green = pigmentation
Blue = acne
