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Advanced Skincare > Skin Types and Ingredients > Flashcards

Skin Types and Ingredients Flashcards

1
Q

List 5 healthy habits for your skin

A
  • wearing suncreen daily
  • using good skincare products at home
  • drinking lots of water
  • healthy diet (avoid sugar and lactose)
  • avoid alcohol and smoking
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2
Q

List 4 Internal factors that effect the skin

A
  • genetics
  • hormones
  • glycation
  • illness/disease
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3
Q

List 4 external factors that effect the skin

A
  • sun exposure
  • extreme temperatures/climate
  • smoking
  • poor diet
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4
Q

List 4 characteristicsof NORMAL skin

A
  • small to medium pore size
  • normal oil levels
  • normal hydration
  • normal thickness
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5
Q

List 4 characteristics of OILY skin

A
  • large pore size
  • high sebum levels (shiny appearance)
  • many comedones
  • thick skin (hyperkeratinized)
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6
Q

List 4 characteristics of DRY skin

A
  • small to invisible pores
  • lack of sebum (skin will look matte or powdery)
  • comedones and blemishes are rare
  • thin skin (hypokeratinized)
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7
Q

List 4 characteristics of COMBINATION skin

A
  • medium to large pore size
  • skin is oiler in the T-zone
  • skin will be thicker in T-zone
  • comedones and breakouts in oiler areas
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8
Q

List 4 characteristics of DEHYDRATED skin

A
  • thin/tight skin
  • flakey, itchy
  • fine lines
  • dull appearance
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9
Q

List 4 characteristics of SENSITIVE skin

A
  • blushing/ redness
  • visible dilated blood vessels
  • pustular breakouts
  • sensitive to products
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10
Q

List 4 charcteristics of ACNEIC skin

A
  • very oily/shiny appearance
  • many comedones
  • papules and pustles
  • redness and inflammation
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11
Q

List 4 characteristics of MATURE skin

A
  • presence of wrinkles
  • loss of elasticity
  • pigmentation
  • loss of adipose tissue
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12
Q

Goals for OILY skin

A
  • decrease sebum production
  • keep follicles from clogging
  • oil/water balance
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13
Q

Goals for DRY skin

A
  • moisturize,
  • replenish hydration
  • restore barrier function
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14
Q

Goals for ACNEIC skin

A
  • inhibit p. acne bacteria
  • decrease sebum production
  • keep pores from clogging
  • reduce inflammation
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15
Q

Goals for SENSITIVE skin

A
  • Sooth, calm,
  • restore barrier
  • reduce inflammation
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16
Q

Goals for DEHYDRATED skin

A
  • replenish hydration

- restore barrier function

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17
Q

Goals for MATURE skin

A
  • moisturize
  • increase production of collagen
  • replenish hydration
  • lighten/brighten
  • nourish
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18
Q

4 Ingredients for OILY skin

A

Salicylic Acid
Glycolic acid
Mandelic acid (sebum regulating)
Green Tea

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19
Q

4 Ingredients for DRY skin

A

Aloe Vera
Mineral oil
Ceramides
Lactic acid (natural moisturizer)

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20
Q

4 ingredients for COMBO skin

A

Mandelic Acid (sebum regulating)
Vitamin C
Niacinamide
Green Tea

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21
Q

4 Ingredients for ACNEIC skin

A

Salicylic acid
Sulfur
Benxoyl peroxide
recorcinol

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22
Q

4 ingredients for SENSITIVE skin

A

aloe vera
calendula oil
green tea
niacinamide

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23
Q

4 Ingredients for MATURE skin

A

retinol
vitamin C
coenzyme Q10
ceramides

24
Q

4 ingredients for DEHYDRATED skin

A

hyaluronic acid
glycerin
green tea
aloe vera

25
Q

4 ingredients for HYPERPIGMENTATION

A

vit C
licorice
bearberry
kojic acid

26
Q

what does pH stand for? what does it measure?

A

potential hydrogen

measures acidity and alkalinity (1-14)

27
Q

2 examples of acidic substances

2 examples of alkaline substances

A

Acidic: Lemon juice (pH 2), Vinegar (pH3)
Alkaline: Baking soda (pH 8), soap (pH 10)

28
Q

Define delivery systems

A

used to distribute products into the skin

29
Q

Define Solution

A

A stable mixture of two or more miscible substaces

30
Q

Define Suspension

A

An unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances

31
Q

Define Emulsion

A

A farly stable mixture of two immiscible substaces with aid of an emulsifier (emulsifiers are a type of surfactant)

32
Q

What is the difference between functional and performance ingredients?

A

Functional ingredients: ingredients that help in the formulation of a product, dont affect skins appearance

Performance ingredients: ingredients that affect the skins appearance (actives)

33
Q

What are the functions of emollients?

A

Funtional ingredients: help products spread and keep other substances on skin

Performance ingredients: help lubricate the skin and maintain the barrier function.

34
Q

what are emollients made of?

A

LIPIDS

35
Q

Define preservatives

A

functional ingredients that prevent bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms from growing and living in the product

36
Q

What are surfactants?

A

Functional ingredients that reduce surface tension as well as help products spread. Their molecules have water loving heads and oil loving tails.

37
Q

Name two types of surfactants and their function

A

Detergents - used mainly in cleansers, cause product to foam to remove makeup dirt oil
Emulsifiers - cause water and oil to mix

38
Q

3 examples of Oil in Water emulsions

A

cleansers
shampoo
light lotions

39
Q

3 exmples of Water in Oil emulsions

A

night creams
sunscreen
massage creams

40
Q

Symptoms of allergic reactions (4)

A 
inflammation
itching
rashes
blisters
puffy eyes
41
Q

Define mechanical exfoliation and give 3 ingredients

A

Ingredients used to polish away dead skin cells on skins surface

  • ground nuts/seeds
  • oatmeal
  • jojoba beads
42
Q

Define chemical exfoliation and 3 examples

A

Ingredients dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix that holds them together

  • enzymes
  • Alpha hydroxy acids
  • Beta hydroxy acids
43
Q

2 types of enzymes for exfoliation

A

Bromelain (pineapple)

Papain (Papaya)

44
Q

Whats the difference between AHA’s and BHA’s

A

AHA’s are water soluble and dissolve the intercellular matrix, derived from fruits and nuts

BHA’s are oil soluble so can help dissolve the intercellular matrix as well as penetrate follicles to dissolve sebum

45
Q

Name 3 AHA’s and their origins

A 
glycolic acid (sugar cane)
mandelic acid (bitter almonds)
malic acid (apples)
46
Q

Which AHA has the smallest molecule?

A

glycolic acid ( considered the most active)

47
Q

Which AHA has moisturizing properties and is gentle?

A

lactic acid

48
Q

which AHA has sebum regulting properties?

A

mandelic acid

49
Q

list 4 lighteners/brighteners

A

licorice
vit C
bearberry
kojic acid

50
Q

WHat is a humectant? list 3

A

humectants are water binding molecules and keep skin hydrated

  • hyaluronic acid
  • glycerin
  • aloe vera
51
Q

List 3 Functions of Vitamin C

A
  • collagen synthesis
  • lightener/brightener
  • antioxidant
  • anti inflammatory
  • protects against UV exposure
52
Q

The difference between chemical and physical suncreen?

A
  • physical suncreen reflects and scatters uv rays

- chemical suncreen absorbs the uv rays converts them into heat and releases the heat from the skin

53
Q

2 examples of ingredients for chemical suncreen?

A

zinc oxide

titanium dioxide

54
Q

what does SPF stand for?

A

sun protection factor

55
Q

How to calculate how often to apply?

A

time it takes you to burn normally X SPF = minutes you need to reapply / 60

30 X 20 = 600/60

every 10 hours

56
Q

What is LED light?

WHat colors target what?

A

Light Emitted Diode
Red = collagen/elastin
Green = pigmentation
Blue = acne

Advanced Skincare (14 decks)

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