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Dermatology > Skin Through the Ages > Flashcards

Skin Through the Ages Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

At gastrulation, skin divides into what 3 layers:q

A

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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2
Q

Ectoderm then divides into ectoderm and neuroectoderm (neural crest and neural tube)

A

truth

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3
Q

What layers are formed from the ectoderm?

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinulosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only on palms and soles), stratum corneum

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4
Q

At week 6 of life in utero…

A

bilayered epidermis (periderm and basal layer)

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5
Q

week 8

A

stratification begins, you get an intermediate layer and a basal layer

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6
Q

Ectodermal dysplasias are

A

defects in hair, teeth, bone, skin

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7
Q

Terminally differentiated epidermal layers exist by when

A

third trimester. Fillagrin is formed and the cell envelope is formed

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8
Q

Defects at the third trimester lead to

A

Ichythosis…due to filaggrin mutations

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9
Q

Melanocytes migrate from

A

neural crest

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10
Q

Melanocytes originate where

A

neural crest

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11
Q

What is piebaldism

A

defects in melanocyte migration lead to patches to of depigmentation where no migration takes place, its auto dominant

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12
Q

What is Wardenburg syndrome

A

Defective survival of melanocytes leads to depigmentation patches. Also affects enteric ganglion cells which can lead to megacolon

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13
Q

Hermansky Pudlack and Chediak Higashi syndrome

A

Ineffective transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes leads to pigment dilution, this can also effect other processes that involve lysosome trafficking

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14
Q

Pigmentary mosaicism is seen as

A

linear streaks or whorls, these develop along lines of blashko

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15
Q

Incontinentia Pigmenti

A

x-linked dominant, failure in utero to males, some females can survive though they have ocular dental and CNS defects

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16
Q

Dermis is derived from

A

both ectoderm and mesoder

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17
Q

Dermal-Epiderma junction is not fully functional until>

A

12 weeks

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18
Q

Barrier function of the skin is not developed until 3 weeks after birth

A

truth

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19
Q

What is the body surface area to wt ration of babies versus adults

A

Five times greater

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20
Q

What is the significance of this increased body surface area to weight ratio?

A

It means that absorption of topical medicines is greater and that premature infants have increased transepidermal water loss

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21
Q

Lots of concerns in prematurity, involving the skin they are…

A

Greater transepidermal water loss, greater absorption of topical ointments, lower temperature, difficulty with fluid regulation, increased infection risk, thinner stratum corneum

22
Q

What is the vernix caseosa

A

its a protective membrane that is present at birth. Consists of epithelial cells, sebaceous secretions, shed hair

23
Q

What is cutis marmota?

A

It looks like a spiderweb like- pattern that is accentuated with temperature decrease, goes away when the baby os warmed up

24
Q

Mongolian spot

A

dark spot on the bottom, can be confused with bruises so may look like child abuse

25
Q

Salmon patch

A

little pink area on forehead

26
Q

Stork bite

A

red spot on the back of neck

27
Q

Erythema Toxicum neonatorum

A

benign pustules with a wheel around them, up to 50% of infants, resolves spontaneously

28
Q

Miliaria

A

due to overheating, leads to occlusion of eccrine glands. ITS A MILLION DEGREES IN HERE!

29
Q

Neonatal acne

A

Also called neonatal cephalic pustullosis, possibly due to maternal hormones

30
Q

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

A

more common in african american kids, resolves spntaneously, often onvolves the hands and feet

31
Q

Sabhorreic dermatitis

A

cradle cap, self-limited

32
Q

Diaper dermatitis

A

several common causes: candida or irrittants

33
Q

If you see redness in the crotch region with satellite pustules around it, think:

A

candida

34
Q

Jaquet dermatitis

A

can be a sign of neglect. very red, almost ulcerative in the diaper area

35
Q

Atopic dermatitis is often associated with?

A

asthma and allergic rhinitis…..”atopic march”

60% presesnt within first year of life, 85% by year 5

36
Q

What kind of mutation is linked with early onset AD

A

filaggrin mutation

37
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Atopic dermatitis

A

There is a disruption of barrier function, some type of environmental stimulus, and immune dysregulation. Don’t really know which comes first

38
Q

Look at the slide on the AD clinical presentation?

A

ok

39
Q

Main complications of atopic dermatitis?

A

staph aureus
eczema herpeticum- explosive herpes simplex
molluscum contagiosum

40
Q

Atopic dermatitis kids are at greater risk of what behavioral issues?

A

ADHD

41
Q

Atopic dermatitis also predisposes to

A

food allergens

42
Q

acne is what

A

a multifactorial disorder or the pilosebaceous unit

43
Q

Acne occurs where?

A

Where the densest population of sebaceous follicles are located: chest, back, face

44
Q

Hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes leading to plugging of the follicular infundibulum

A

acne vulgaris

45
Q

Excess sebum production occurs due to hormonal stimulation

A

truth

46
Q

The 4 phase pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is:

A

1) hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes which plugs up the follicular infundibulum
2) Excess sebum production due to hormonal stimulation
3) Presence of Propionibacterium acnes (gram positive rod that lives deep within the follicle)
4) Inflammation

47
Q

Two types of nodulocystic acne

A

Acne congloblata

Acne Fulminans- systemic infection (Acne Fuckminans)

48
Q

Follicular occlusion tetrad

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa
Acne Conglobata
Dissecting Cellulitis
pilonidal cyst

49
Q

Scurvy

A

vitamin C deficiency,,,old person on tea and toast diet

They may have bleeding gums, corkscrew hairs, perifolicular hemorrhage

50
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

Pellagra- 3D’s. Dimentia, Dermatitis, Diarrhea

Dermatology (17 decks)

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