Measles, Mumps, Rubella

Question 1

Measles and mumps

Answer 1

negative strand RNA viruses, non segnmented, ss, naked

Question 2

Rubella

Answer 2

positive strand RNA virus

Question 3

M, M, and R all

Answer 3

cause systemic infection after initially infecting the URT

Question 4

Measles and Rubella cause rashes

Answer 4

mumps no bumps

Question 5

Measles is a member of what family

Answer 5

Paramyxovirus…so is mumps

Question 6

Measles is extremely contagious

Answer 6

truth

Question 7

How is measles different from the other paramyxoviruses?

Answer 7

Uses different receptors to gain entry into human host. Whereas the parainfluenzan and parap-neumo viruses attach to sialic acid, measleas attaches to immune cells CD46 and SLAM

Forms intracellular inclusion bodies KNOW THIS.
These are used in diagnosis

Question 8

First event that occurs with negative strand RNA viruses

Answer 8

Transcription of messenger RNAs in order to then initiate protein synthesis

Question 9

In + strand RNA

Answer 9

genome can automatically undergo translation

Question 10

Measles infection generally occurs when

Answer 10

during childhood

Question 11

Measles death usually due to

Answer 11

Bacterial pneumonia that occurs due to immunosuppresion from measles

Question 12

What comes on first in Measles

Answer 12

Prodrome of fever, cough, conjunctivitis, rhinorrhea

Question 13

Maculopapular rash appears after the prodrome and coincides with what?

Answer 13

strong cell mediated immune response and clearance.

Question 14

Measles case definition

Answer 14

child comes in with a generalized rash lastingmore than 3 days, temperature of 101 (38.3), cough, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis

Question 15

If these symptoms are reported and linked to another case with similar symptoms

Answer 15

the case should be reported to the state and local health department and MMWR

Question 16

Initial sites of measles infection

Answer 16

tracheal and bronchial epithelia

Question 17

After infecting the tracheal and bronchial epithelia, where does the virus spread

Answer 17

lymph nodes, replicates in lymph nodes and forms syncytia. This eventually leads to viremia where the virus gets into monocytes

Question 18

What is significant about measles infecting monocytes

Answer 18

These are the precursors to immune cells like T cells, hurts the immune response pretty severely

Question 19

Where does measles rash start?

Answer 19

back of the neck and forehead

Question 20

What the hell are Koplik spots

Answer 20

Occur right before the rash appears. red spots with blue/white centers on the inside of the upper lip and cheek

Question 21

Measles complications?

Answer 21

Immune suppresion, suppression of delyed type hypersensitivity like TB TEST

• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or
  Post infectious encephalomyelitis (PIE)
  This is an autoimmune demyelineting disease that results in convulsions, deafness, retardation
  -Measles Inclusion body encephalitis
  -Subacute sclerosing pancephalitis

Question 22

What kind of vaccine is the measles vaccine

Answer 22

Live attenuated

Question 23

What is the basis for the vaccines success

Answer 23

Measles Mumps and RUbella are antigenically stable viruses. They don’t change

Question 24

First dose of MEasle at 12-15 mths, 2nd at 4-6 years

Answer 24

truth

Question 25

Measles virus is a phenomenal candidate for immunization. Why

Answer 25

There is only one serotype, cases are easily identifiable so those infected can be quarantined, there is no animal reservoir

Question 26

Mumps colonizes where?

Answer 26

mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract. Replicates in URT then spreads to lymph nodes. Not as contagious as measles

Question 27

First clinical sign of mumps

Answer 27

swelling of parotid…big fat face

Question 28

Mumps cause a rash>

Answer 28

NOPE. No rash

Question 29

Approximately half of mumps has some CNS involvement like?

Answer 29

Meningitis, usually not very serious

Some had infection of the cochlea which led to deafness

Question 30

What is the major complication seen in post pubertal men with mumps

Answer 30

Testicular swelling

Question 31

Rubella structure

Answer 31

enveloped, pos sense RNA virus

Question 32

Rubella causes

Answer 32

mild disease, sore throat, conjunctivitis,

Measles like rash, starts on the face and spreads to extremities

Question 33

The real issues with rubella

Answer 33

can cause birth defects in infected mothers, virus spreads to the fetus and infects all organs pretty much

Question 34

Highest risk of rubella causeing birth defects

Answer 34

second and third trimesters

Question 35

Contraindications for the measles vaccination

Answer 35

anyone who has had a life-threatening allergic reaction to gelatin or neomycin
people who are moderately or severely ill at the time of vaccnation
Pregnant women should wait
women should not get pregnant for 4 weeks after the MMR vaccine
ANyone who is immunosuppressed