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Dermatology > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Describe the natural resistance of human skin

A

Human skin is the first line of defense againstmicrobial infection via

  • physical barrier
  • secreting low pH sebaceous fluid and fatty acids along with antimicrobial peptides to inhibit pathogen growth
  • By possessing its own normal flora, thus deterring colonization by other pathogens
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2
Q

Impetigo looks like?

A

Honey colored crusting of the skin

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3
Q

Who is infected with impetigo most commonly?

A

young children…

Gnerally on the face

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4
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Strep pyogenes and staph aureus

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5
Q

What is Erysipelas

A

streptococcal infection of teh superficial dermal lymphatics that demonstrates sharply demarcated raised borders

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6
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection of the deeper dermis and subcu tissue qith poorly demarcated borders. Vast majority of cases are streptococcal in origin

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7
Q

Abscesses are

A

collections of pus in dermis and sub cu

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8
Q

Folliculitis

A

infection of hair follicles in the epidermis

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9
Q

Furuncle

A

Deeper involvement of hair follicle. Also called a boil

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10
Q

Carbuncle

A

adjacent furuncles coalesce into a single inflamed area

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11
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome caused by

A

Staph aureus toxin

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12
Q

Usually scalded skin syndrome is seen in

A

young babies or adults with renal failure

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13
Q

Why adults with renal failure

A

Can’t clear the toxin

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14
Q

Clinical features of scalded skin

A

generalized redness (erythema) perioral and periocular crusting and radial fissuring with mild facial swelling

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15
Q

NEcrotizing fascitis

A

widespread necrosis

Type I- polymicrobial
Type II- strep
Type III- gas gangrene

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16
Q

Pain that is out of proportion

A

Necrotizing fascitis

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17
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Caused by staph aureus which produces a TSST-1 toxin and less commonly by group A strep

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18
Q

Toxic shock syndrome signs

A

fever, strawberry tongue, sunburn-like erythema and sandpaper papules,

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19
Q

Treatment of Toxic shock

A

antibiotics and remove the nidus of infection

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20
Q

Cutaneous fungal diseases divided into three categories

A

superficial, deep, systemic

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21
Q

Superficial infections are confined to what space?

A

dead keratinous tissue, the epidermis, and hair follicles

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22
Q

Whats a dermatophyte

A

fungi that digest keratin as a nutrient. These fungi colonize the highly keratinized stratum corneum or outermost layer of the skin, as well as other keratinized structures such as the nail plate and hair follicles

23
Q

Three genera of dermatophytes

A

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

24
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Athletes foot, superficial infection of the foot. Mostly caused by dermatophytes

25
Q

Tinea ungium

A

infection of nail plate or bed. Leads to onchodystrophy (nail bed deformity) with thickening (hyperkeratosis) of the nail bed

26
Q

Tinea corporis

A

tinea on the trunk or limbs…ring worm

27
Q

Tinea facei

A

Tinea on the face

28
Q

Tinea cruris

A

jock itch…does not effect the scrotum or penis

29
Q

Tinea capitis

A

scalp or hair

30
Q

Tinea capitis most often caused by

A

T tonsurans

31
Q

Candidiasis most often caused by

A

candida albicans

32
Q

Candidiasis most often affects

A

skin, mucous membranes. Gi tract, nails

33
Q

Candidiasis is most common in

A

females (vulvovaginal candidiasis) and immunosuppresed patients

34
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

Harmless skin disease found in tropics
Characterized by overgrowth of malasezzia (fungus found on the skin of many animals and humans) this leads to hypo or hyper pigmented skin

35
Q

HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish primary infection how

A

through mucosa or abraded skin, they then lie dormant in the nuclei of nerves where they lay dormant and multiply

36
Q

Recurrence is sparked by

A

stress, fever, trauma, UV light, menstruation, or immunosuppresion

37
Q

Herpes labialis

A

vesicular or ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity or perioral skin and mucoaa
HSV-1

38
Q

Herpes genitalis

A

HSV-2 mostly, increasing 1

39
Q

Primary HSV-1 infections

A

asymptomaic

40
Q

Primary HSV-2

A

severe, painful vesicles formation, and ulceration

41
Q

Major finding on molluscum contagiosum histology

A

Eosinophillic cytoplasmic inclusions within keratinocytes

42
Q

E6 in HPV

A

degrades P53

43
Q

E7 in HPV

A

Inactivates Rb

44
Q

Overexpression of E6 and E7 leads to

A

Tumors

45
Q

How does HPV gain access to basal keratinocytes

A

Comes in through minor abrasions in the skin or mucosa. Transmitted by direct or sexual contact.

46
Q

Where does HPV replicate

A

In the nucleus
It is a very simple circular double stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid
Its naked so it can survive well.

47
Q

What HPV strains cause warts on fingers

A

HPV1

48
Q

What HPV strains cause common warts on other places of the body

A

HPV2-4

49
Q

Flat warts

A

HPV 3-10

50
Q

HPV genital warts

A

6 and 11

51
Q

cervical cancer

A

HOV 6, 11, 16, 18

52
Q

How do HPV vaccines work

A

self-assembly of the L1 protein into virus like particles

53
Q

Gardasil protects against

A

6, 11, 16, 18

54
Q

Cervavix

A

16, 18

Dermatology (17 decks)

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