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Dermatology > Skin Bugs > Flashcards

Skin Bugs Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

American trypanosomias is caused by>

A

Trypanosomiasis Cruzi

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2
Q

African trypanosomiasis is caused by

A

T. Brucei

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3
Q

In what regions is American trypanosomiasis endemic

A

Central and South America

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4
Q

Transmission of T. Cruzi occurs through

A

Reduvid bugs and infected blood

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5
Q

What is American trypanosomiasis?

A

A serious systemic disease that affects primarily the autonomic nervous system, the heart, and GI tract

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6
Q

What is a Romana sign?

A

edema of the periocular tissue due to entry through the conjunctiva

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7
Q

Know the life cycle of the disease

A

ok

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8
Q

What characterizes the acute phase of Chagras disease

A

Localized erythema, swelling in regional lymph nodes
Romana sign- painless edema of papebrae occurs in 80% of infected bites
Fever, malaise, anorexia, edema of face and lower extremities

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9
Q

Chronic phase of Chagras disease

A

Occurs many years after the acute phase
Most prominent involvement is the heart.
You get cardiac failure, cardiomegally, arrythmias, etc.
In the GI you get megacolon and megaesophagus.

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10
Q

Chagas disease treatment?

A

Nifurtimox and Benzimidazole

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11
Q

What organism causes African trypanosomiasis?

A

In west africa it is T. brucei gambiense and in East Africa it is T. Brucie rhodiense

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12
Q

African trypanosomiasis is carried by what bug

A

tsetse fly

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13
Q

Clinical presentation of African trypanosomiasis

A

You get a trypanosome chancre, enlargement of lymph nodes, neurologic manifestations, irritability, personality changes, day time somnolence, insomnia in some

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14
Q

What is onchocerciasis?

A

River blindness. Predominantly effects cutaneous and ocular tissue

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15
Q

What causes onchocerciassis?

A

Onchocerca vovulus….a nematode

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16
Q

What transmits onchocerca volvulus

A

Simulium Black Fly. exclusively affects humans living in tropical african belt and South America.

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17
Q

Clinical presentation of onchocerciasis?

A

Subcutaneous nodules that are located over bony prominences.
Intermittent pruritic dermatitis
Chronic Onchocerciasis: Thickened wrinkled skin with hyperpigmentation (elephant skin)
Microfilariae in conjunctiva move through cornea of posterior and anterior eye chambers causing conjunctivitis, sclerosing keratitis, optic atrophy, glaucoma
Blindness in severe cases.

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18
Q

treatment of onchocerciasis?

A

Ivermectin, potential nodulectomy

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19
Q

What is the Mazzotti reaction

A

Immune system goes haywire after treatment. You get fever, chills, feel terrible. Probably due to break up of the organism

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20
Q

Tungiasis is what

A

an infestation caused by the burrowing flea tunga penetrans

21
Q

Where is Tungiasis endemic?

A

central and south america, carribean, Africa, Pakistan, India

22
Q

Cutaneous Myiasis>

A

Inhabit skin wounds or burrow into the dermis causing boil like lesions

23
Q

Bedbugs appearance

A

flat oval body, red brown in color, about the same size as a tick (you can see them)

24
Q

Bedbug behavior?

A

feed at night, hide in cracks and crevices during day

25
Q

Pediculosis capitis>

A

head lice

26
Q

pediculosis corporis

A

body lice

27
Q

phthiriasis

A

pubic lice

28
Q

Body lice

A

hide in seams of clothing, nits attach to clothing, pruritis may be the only symptom, red bumps under arms, upper shoulders, neck

29
Q

Maculae Cerulae

A

Bluish/brown hemosidering laden molecules (intradermal hemorrhage at lice feeding sites.

30
Q

Body lice can be a vector for

A

Epidemic Typhus, Trench Fever, Relapsing Fever

31
Q

Pubic lice (crabs)

A

Generally transmitted through sexual contact. May also effect eyebrows, eyelashes, hair, scalp

32
Q

May also cause maculae cerulae

A

true. They are bluish brown hemosiddering laden molecules

33
Q

Look at scabies in pwrpt

A

ok

34
Q

Most common clinical presentation

A

severe pruritis, often at night

Burrowing is the primary lesion

35
Q

Where are scabies lesions most commonly found

A

interdigital web, wrist flexor surface, elbows, penis, scrotum, belt line

36
Q

Infants can have scabies where?

A

head and face

37
Q

How do you diagnose scabies>

A 
Skin scraping. scrape hard and deep
Look for:
-the mite itself
-scybala (feces)
- eggs
38
Q

Spiders to worry about in the US

A

Brown recluse, hobo spider, black widow spider

39
Q

All spiders have 8 legs, 4-6 pairs of eyes, 2 body sections (cephalothorax) and abdomen

A

true

40
Q

Brown recluse hotspot

A

Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee

41
Q

Brown recluse bite clinical presentation

A

vary from mild to ulcerative necrosis (25%), bite often appears with central mottling and blister. surrounded by halo and redness

42
Q

Systemic reactions from brown recluse bites?

A

Shock, hemolysis, renal insufficiency and DIC especially

43
Q

What is the major toxin released by brown recluses

A

sphingomyelinase D, it interacts with serum amyloid protein, Hyaluronidase allows eschar to spread

44
Q

Brown recluse spider bite treatment

A
  • Rest, Ice, Elevation
  • Interdermal injection of polyclonal anti-loxoxceles Fab fragments
  • hyperbaric oxygen
  • Dapsone
  • Prednisone
45
Q

Hobo spider

A

lives in dark, moist areas, Large and hairy, very aggressive

46
Q

Hobo spiders are found mostly where?

A

Pacific Northwest.

47
Q

Clinical presentation of Hobo spider bite

A

not painful, necrosis ensues and can lead to amputation
Systemic symptoms include headache, nausea, weakness
Hemolysis and thrombocytopenia have been reported

48
Q

Black widow clinical presentation

A

local redness and sweating at wound site
Venom in black widow bites causes depletion of acetylcholine and release of catecholamines at nerve endings.
Muscle Spasms, ABDOMINAL PAIN, headache, paresthsias, nausea, vomitting

49
Q

Treatment for black widow bites

A

IV calcium gluconate

Dermatology (17 decks)

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