skin terms exam 3

Question 1

what is the hallmark skin lesion of hyperadrenocorticism

Answer 1

calcinosis cutis

Question 2

name the four layers of the epidermis

Answer 2

stratum corneum, s. granulosum, s. spinosum, s. basale

Question 3

what two layers of epidermis does Pemphigus foliaceus target

Answer 3

s. granulosum and s. spinosum

Question 4

what is cornification

Answer 4

active process of s. basale reproducing and turning over epidermis.

Question 5

what is the role of desmosomes

Answer 5

bridges between all the keratinocytes help resist shearing forces.

Question 6

what creates sebum

Answer 6

holocrine glands

Question 7

what are the main three phases of the hair cycle and what happens when

Answer 7

Anagen (growing), Catagen (transition), Telogen (resting phase)

Question 8

what are the three structures of the nasal planum

Answer 8

nares, philtrum, alar fold

Question 9

specific autoimmune dz that only affects dogs claws. painful, brittle nails.

Answer 9

lupoid onchyodystrophy

Question 10

what is the treatment for SLO

Answer 10

symmetric lupoid onchyodystrophy. doxy + immunomod, supplement fatty acids and pain management

Question 11

papule vs pustule

Answer 11

papule is edema and inflam cells. pustules are purulent material.

Question 12

raised lesion that consists of edema. (hive)

Answer 12

wheal

Question 13

flat discoloration of the skin. ex: vitilago

Answer 13

macule

Question 14

what is the big version of a macule

Answer 14

patch.

Question 15

vesicle vs papule

Answer 15

vesicle contains fluid. very small. papule is edema and inflam cells.

Question 16

big vesicle?

Answer 16

bulla. fluid filled.

Question 17

a mast cell tumor is an example of what type of lesion

Answer 17

nodule

Question 18

secondary lesion that does not penetrate the basement membrane

Answer 18

erosion

Question 19

when the skin looks like tree bark. thickening of all layers. from chronic scratching

Answer 19

lichenification

Question 20

thickening of only the stratum cornyeum. flaky

Answer 20

hyperkeratosis

Question 21

how to tell if alopecia is primary of secondary

Answer 21

primary will have intact hairs, with the hair easily removed
secondary will have broken hair shaft ends. stronger. indistinct margins

Question 22

keratin and sebaceous material clumped on each hair shaft

Answer 22

follicular cast

Question 23

dilated hair follicles. seen with cushings and demodicosis. blackheads

Answer 23

comedones.

Question 24

erythema vs petechia

Answer 24

erythema: redness from vasodilation. will blanch when you apply pressure
petechia: purplish. extravasation of blood. does not blanch

Question 25

two common conditions that cause hyperpigmentations

Answer 25

hypothyroidism and post-inflammation

Question 26

what are the 5 major ddx for puppies with skin issues

Answer 26

juvenile demodecosis, dermatophytosis, juvie cellulitis, puppy pyoderma, oral papillomatosis

Question 27

tx for juvie demodecosis

Answer 27

if localized, it will resolve on its own.

Question 28

tx for adult and generalized demodex

Answer 28

ixozolazines: bravecto, nexgard, simparica, credelio

Question 29

which is contagious d. cati or d. gatoi

Answer 29

d. gatoi. also extremely pruritic

Question 30

multi focal alopecia: what are some top ddx. not super itchy

Answer 30

dermatophytosis, pemphigus folliaceus, bacti epicollarette.

Question 31

dermatophytosis tx

Answer 31

topical azoles. may take months to control

Question 32

what is unique about where PF lesions are

Answer 32

on both surfaces of the ears

Question 33

what would cytology look like on Pemphigus foliaceus

Answer 33

normal neutrophils with keratinocytes. NO bacti.

Question 34

you see eosinophils in a skin cytology. what are your 3 broad ddx

Answer 34

parasites, hypersensitivity, mast cell tumor

Question 35

skin scrape reveals degenerate neutrophils with intracellular bacteria.

Answer 35

pyoderma

Question 36

you do a cytology of an ear and find yeast. is it significant

Answer 36

if you find .5-1 yeast/HPF with clinical signs, this is significant

Question 37

what three ectoparasites can you find on a trichogram

Answer 37

cheyletiella, demodex, and lice

Question 38

what rod is always a concern found in bacti culture and may require sus testing

Answer 38

pseudomonas arugenosa

Question 39

cytology with macrophages and lymphs suggest what

Answer 39

deep, chronic lesions. deep pyoderma

Question 40

cytology reveals nondegenerate neutrophils with no bacteria. what are the three ddx

Answer 40

pemphigus foliaceus, primary allergic rxn, irritant rxn

Question 41

skin lesions are bilateral. what does that suggest? what if theyre asymmetrical

Answer 41

bilateral/symmetrical: systemic, hypothyroidism, PF asymmetrical: ectoparasites, fungal, surface things

Question 42

firm nodules on muzzle, eyes and face. may be painful. common in puppy

Answer 42

juvie cellulitis

Question 43

lesions are annular. 3 ddx

Answer 43

superficial pyoderma, demodicosis, dermatophytosis

Question 44

intensely itchy papules on edges of pinna

Answer 44

sarcoptes mange

Question 45

superficial pyoderma that does not have pustules. only spreading collarettes

Answer 45

exfoliative pyoderma.

Question 46

general tx for widespread pyoderma

Answer 46

tetracyclines, clindamycin, cephalosporins, clauvamox, reserve fluoroquinolones if other treatments are not working

Question 47

how do you dx hypothyroidism from hyperadrenocorticism

Answer 47

cushings has: comedones, symmetric alopecia hypothyroid has: friction alopecia and hyperpigmentation tt4, acth, cbc/chem

Question 48

drug of choice for cushings

Answer 48

trilosane

Question 49

what is the treatment for most hair cycling abnormalities causing alopecia

Answer 49

no treatment. maybe microneedling?

Question 50

clinical signs that distinguish D. canis from D. injai

Answer 50

D. injai are longer and inhabit the sebaceous glands so the coat is really greasy.

Question 51

how to diagnose dermatopathy

Answer 51

biopsy

Question 52

tx for generalized dermatopathy or dermatomyositis

Answer 52

cyclosporine

Question 53

treatment for pemphigus foliaceus

Answer 53

oral prednisone/olone until no new lesions. + azanthioprine or cyclosporine if pred isnt cutting it alone