SA neuro IM diseases, spinal cord, intracranial

Question 1

what are the three major variants of MUE

Answer 1

GME, Necrotizing encephalomyelitis (NME, NLE) and EME

Question 2

what is the most common dog type, and age associated with GME

Answer 2

female, toy breeds around 4.

Question 3

what are the dog types, and major things associated with NME

Answer 3

pugs. rapidly progressive, forebrain signs, 2.5 y/o (seizures)

Question 4

what tissue is NME in?

Answer 4

grey matter and meninges

Question 5

what tissue is GME in?

Answer 5

white matter of the brain. multifocal

Question 6

NLE necrotizing leukoencephalitis what dogs?

Answer 6

chihuahua and yorkies

Question 7

EME eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. which dogs?

Answer 7

rare. middle aged large breeds. causes any signs. they do better clinically.

Question 8

how does cat MUE compare to dog MUE

Answer 8

cats is more uncommon, cats respond well to steroids

Question 9

what is the most common cause of cranial neuropathies

Answer 9

idiopathic etiology. none are life threatening. most are self limiting.

Question 10

signs of trigeminal neuropathy

Answer 10

cant close mouth, one half of head muscles are caved in

Question 11

eitologies for unilateral trigeminal neuropathies

Answer 11

nerve sheath tumor, meningioma, lymphoma

Question 12

no menace, no palpebral, bilateral facial paralysis, lip droop.. eitologies?

Answer 12

most common: idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. otitis media/interna

Question 13

peripheral vestibular lesion vs central vestibular lesions. how to differentiate.

Answer 13

peripheral will have normal postural reactions and may include only CN VII

central vestibular will have postural reactions on ipsilateral to the lesion. and could include CN V-XII.

Question 14

dog presents with fever, poorly localized pain when palpating spine. what are three ddx

Answer 14

meningitis, polymyositis, polyarthritis.

Question 15

SRMA: signallment

Answer 15

B breeds. fever, young large breeds.

Question 16

acute vs chronic form of SRMA

Answer 16

acute: lethargy, fever, normal neuro exam.
chronic: waxed and waned for months. relapsing hyperpathia.

Question 17

which fibers in the spinal cord are most susceptible to injury? least?

Answer 17

most: large myelinated. proprioception is first to go
least: small, central fibers. nociception is last to go

Question 17

difference between grade 3 and grade 4 severity

Answer 17

3: nonambulatory, can move legs some if supported but cant walk.
4: completely paraplegic but has intact deep pain.

Question 18

if presenting schiff sherington posture, where is the lesion likely located?

Answer 18

T3-L3 lesion including border cells. when supported, can use thoracic limbs normally, but stiff when in lateral recumbancy

Question 19

chondrodystrophic dogs, progressive, painful, common in T3-L3. good to excellent prog with surgery

Answer 19

IVDE

Question 20

IVDP: breeds, presentation, treatment?

Answer 20

larger, older dogs. chronic and progressive but minimally painful. MRI is helpful. medical management or sx

Question 21

AANPE. presentation, diagnosis, treatment

Answer 21

nonprogressive after 48 hr, my have hyperalgesia, may occur during exercise. MRI is best to see liquid and contusion. SC

Question 22

difference between AANPE and HNPE? HNPE physiology, history

Answer 22

compressive lesion where AANPE is not, seagull shaped material. usually nonpainful, usually cervical myelopathy. (example shows dog with proprioceptive deficit in thoracic limb) could also present tetraplegic.

Question 23

miniature schauzer, peracute onset, nonprogressive after 24hr, nonpainful on presentation. tx: is SC and may not fully recover

Answer 23

FCE. with nociception present 70% recover.

Question 24

tetraplegic, normal CN, reflexes N, intact deep pain. localize?

Answer 24

C1-C5 UMN to all limbs. all reflexes intact.

Question 25

german shephard, working dog, trouble taking the stairs, lumbosacral pain, +- paresis of pelvic limbs and tail. most do medical management as surgeries are many and controversial

Answer 25

Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis, multifactorial. 50-75% improve with managment

Question 26

corgi, boxer. localized T3-L3 myelopathy. progressive. nonpainful. doagnosis? tx?

Answer 26

degenerative myelopathy: mutation of SOD1 gene. axonal degeneration. can do genetic testing and MRI to rule out other causes. ultimately fatal and progressive.

Question 27

doberman, weimaraner. apparently painful in caudal cervical region. as neck moves there is difference in severity. diag? prog?

Answer 27

cervical spindylomyelopathy. disc associated. try medical management first. surgery is invasive

Question 28

young giant breed dog. mastiff, great dane. presents painful. in cervical region. CT and MRI show squared off spinal cord. Diag?

Answer 28

cervical spondylomyelopathy. likely congenital.

Question 29

AAI: breeds, signalment, treatment? prog?

Answer 29

small. chihuahua, yorkie. episodic neck pain. reluctant to move neck. acute onset of diffuctuly walking. postural reactions absent in all four limbs. sx is best treatment >70% success rate.

Question 30

pugs, bullys. insidious onset of T3-L3 myelopathy. incontinence.

Answer 30

Caudal articular process dysplasia. no treatment. CAP

Question 31

rottweilers and pugs. chronic progressive myelopathy. medical managment helps and surgery is not good for the long term.

Answer 31

SAD. spinal arachnoid diverticulum. mri and myelogram best because fluid accum.

Question 32

FIP viruses FIV

Answer 32

fip: coronavirus, vasculitis in all organs
FIV: lentivirus. infects T cells. immunodeficient. fighting male cats