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SN Pathology final > Skin Pathoma > Flashcards

Skin Pathoma Flashcards

1
Q

Skin composed of

A

Dermis and Epidermis

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2
Q

Epidermis layers

A

St. Basale
St. Spinosum
St. Granulosum
St. Corneum

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3
Q

Dermis consists of

A 
CT
Nerve endings
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Hair follicles
Sweat glands
Sabaceous glands
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4
Q

Inflammatory dermatoses (5)

A 
Atopic dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Acne vulgaris
Prosiasis
Lichen planus
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5
Q

Atopic dermatitis is associated with

A

Astma and allergic rhinitis

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6
Q

Atopic dermatitis is what reaction

A

Hypersensitivity type I

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7
Q

Atopic dermatitis often involves

A

Face

Flexor surface

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8
Q

Atopic dermatitis=

A

Pruruitic, eryhtematus, oozing rash with vesicles and edema

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9
Q

Contact dermatitis=

A

Pruruitic, eryhtematus, oozing rash with vesicles and edema

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10
Q

Contact dermatitis arises due to

A

Exposure to allergans

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11
Q

Contact dermatitis, what type of allergans evoke it

A

Poison ivy
Chemicals
Drugs

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12
Q

Acne vulgaris=

A

Comedones
Pustules
Nodules

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13
Q

Acne vulgaris is due to

A

Chronic inflammationof hair follicls and associated subaceous glands

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14
Q

Comedones formation

A

Androgens increase sebum production -> Excess keratin blocks follicles

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15
Q

Postules and nodules formation

A

Priopionibacterium acnes produces lipase that break sebum -> FA release

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16
Q

Acne vulgaris treatment

A

Benzoyl peroxide

Vitamin A derivatives

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17
Q

Why give vitamin A in case of Acne vulgaris?

A

Reduces keratin production

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18
Q

Psoriasis=

A

Well circumscribed, salmon colored plaques with silvery scale

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19
Q

Psoriasis common location

A

Extensor surface and scalp

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20
Q

Psoriasis is due to

A

Excessive keratinocyte proliferation

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21
Q

Psoriasis possible autoimmune etiology-

A

HLA-C association

Areas of trauma

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22
Q

Psoriasis on histology will show

A

Acanthosis
Parakeratosis
Neut. in the st. Corneum
Thinning of epidermis

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23
Q

What is acanthosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

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24
Q

Treatment for Psoriasis

A

Corticosteroids

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25
Q

Pruritic, planar, polygonal, purple papules are indicative of

A

Lichen planus

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26
Q

Lichen planus often appears on

A

Wrist
Elbows
Oral mucosa

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27
Q

Oral involvment of Lichen planus manifests as

A

Wickham striae

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28
Q

Lichen planus is associated with

A

Chronic hep. C

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29
Q

Blistering dermatoses (4)

A

Pemphigus vulgaris
Bollus pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Erythrma multiform

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30
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris=

A

Autoimmune destruction of desmosomes between keratinocytes

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31
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is due to

A

IgG Ab against desmoglein

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32
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is a type __ HSN

A

II

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33
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris presents as

A

Skin and oral mucosa bullae

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34
Q

Bullae=

A

Large blister containing serous fluid

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35
Q

Bollus pemphigoid=

A

Autoimmune destruction of hemidesmosomes between basal cells and the BM

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36
Q

Bollus pemphigoid is due to

A

IgG Ab against BM collagen

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37
Q

Bollus pemphigoid presents as

A

Blisters of the skin

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38
Q

In which skin disease the oral mucosa is spared

Pemphigus vulgaris
Bollus pemphigoid

A

Bollus pemphigoid

פמפיגוס מתחיל בפ כמו פה

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39
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis=

A

Autoimmune deposition of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae

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40
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis presents as

A

Pruritic vesicles and bullae that are grouped

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41
Q

Which skin disease has a stromg association with celiac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

42
Q

Erythema multiforme is most commonly due to (~5)

A 
HSV
Mycoplasma
Drugs
SLE
Malignancy
43
Q

Erythema multiforme=

A

HSN reaction

44
Q

Erythema multiforme characterized by

A

Targetoid rash and bullae

45
Q

Erythema multiforme with oral mucosa involvement is called

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

46
Q

What is the severe form of SJS?

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

47
Q

Epithelial tumors (4)

A

Seborrheic keratosis
Acanthosis nigricans
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q

Seborrheic keratosis=

A

Bening squamous proliferation

49
Q

Seborrheic keratosis presents as

A

Raised, disolored plaques on the extremities or face

50
Q

Sudden onset of multiple Seborrheic keratosis is calles

A

Leser-Trelat sign

51
Q

Leser-Trelat sign suggests

A

Underlying carcinoma of GI

52
Q

Acanthosis nigricans=

A

Epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of the skin

53
Q

Acanthosis nigricans is associated with

A

Insulin resistance

Malignancy

54
Q

What is the most common cutaneous malignancy

A

Basal cell carcinoma

55
Q

Basal cell carcinoma risk factors

A

Sunlight
Albinism
Xeroderma pigmentosum

56
Q

Basal cell carcinoma presents as

A

Elevated nodule with central ulcerated crater

57
Q

Basal cell carcinoma classic location

A

Upper lip

58
Q

Skin squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by formation of

A

Keratin pearls

59
Q

Skin squamous cell carcinoma risk factors

A 
Sunlight
Albinism
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Arsenic
Immunosuppressive therapy
Chronic inflammation
60
Q

Skin squamous cell carcinoma presents as

A

Ulcerated nodular mass usually on the face

61
Q

What is the precursor lesion of Skin squamous cell carcinoma

A

Actinic keratosis

62
Q

Disorders of pigmentation and melanocytes (6)

A 
Vitiligo
Albinism
Freckle
Melasma
Nevus
Melanoma
63
Q

Where are melanocytes present?

A

Basal layer of epidermis

64
Q

Melanocytes derived from

A

Neural crest cells

65
Q

Melanocytes synthesize melanin from

A

Tyrosine

66
Q

Vitiligo=

A

Loss of skin pigmentation

67
Q

Vitiligo is due to

A

Autoimmune destraction of skin melanocytes

68
Q

Albinism=

A

Congenital lack of pigmentation

69
Q

Albinism i usually due to

A

Enzyme defect like Tyrosinase

70
Q

Albinism has increased risk for

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma

71
Q

Freckles are due to

A

Increased number of melanosomes

72
Q

Melasma=

A

Mask like hyperpigmentation of the cheeks

73
Q

Melasma is associated with

A

Pregnancy and oral contraceptives

74
Q

Nevus=

A

Benign neoplasm of melanocytes

75
Q

Other name for nevus

A

Mole

76
Q

What is the most common cause of death from skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

77
Q

Melanoma=

A

Malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

78
Q

Melanoma risk factors

A

Sun
Albinism
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Dysplastic nevi

79
Q

Melanoma presents as (ABCD)

A

Asymmetry
Borders are irregular
Color is not uniform
Diameter>6mm

80
Q

Melanoma is characterized by __ growth phase

A

2

81
Q

Melanoma growth phase

A
  1. Horizontal growth along the epidermis

2. Vertical growth into deep dermis

82
Q

What is the prognostic factor in predicting metastasis from melanoma?

A

Breslow thickness- Depth of extension to the dermis

83
Q

Melanoma variants (4)

A

Superficial spreading
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Nodular
Arcal lentiginous

84
Q

Which melanoma variant has a poor prognosis

A

Nodular

85
Q

Why nodular melanoma has a poor prognosis?

A

Early vertical growth

86
Q

Infectious disorders

A 
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Scalded skin syndrome
Verruca
Molluscum contagiosum
87
Q

Impetigo=

A

Superficial skin infection

88
Q

Impetigo is due to

A

S. Aureus

S. Pyogeness

89
Q

Cellulitis=

A

Dermal and subcutaneous infection

90
Q

Cellulitis is due to

A

S. Aureus

S. Pyogeness

91
Q

Cellulitis presents as

A

Red tender swollen rash and fever

92
Q

Cellulitis can progress to

A

Necrotizing fasciitis with necrosis

93
Q

Scalded skin syndrome=

A

Sloughing of skin with erythematous rash and fever

Skin loss

94
Q

Scalded skin syndrome is due to

A

S. Aureus exfoliative A and B toxins

95
Q

S. Aureus exfoliative A and B toxins results in the epidermolysis of

A

Stratum granulosum

96
Q

Verruca=

A

Flesh colored papules with rough surface

97
Q

Verruca are due to

A

HPV infection of keratinocytes

98
Q

Verruca is characterized by what change

A

Koylocytic

99
Q

Verruca common location

A

Hands and feet

100
Q

Molluscum contagiosum=

A

Firm pink umbilicated papules

101
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is due to

A

Poxvirus

102
Q

Molluscum contagiosum most common arise in which population

A

Children

SN Pathology final (13 decks)

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