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SN Pathology final > Breast Pathoma > Flashcards

Breast Pathoma Flashcards

1
Q

Breast is a modified ________

A

Sweat gland

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2
Q

Functional unit of the breast

A

Terminal duct=lobular unit

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3
Q

Lobules and ducts are lined by

A

Two layers of epit.

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4
Q

The two layers of epit. are:

A

Lumina, cell layer

Myoepithelial cell layer

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5
Q

Highest density of breast tissue is found in _____

A

Upper quadrent of the breast

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6
Q

Milk production outside og lactation is also called

A

Galactorrhea

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7
Q

Is galactorrhea a symptom of breast cancer?

A

No

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8
Q

What can cause galactorrhea?

A

Nipple stimulation
Prolactinoma of Ant. Pituitary
Drugs

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9
Q

Acute mastitis usually caused by

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

Acute mastitis usually occurs during

A

Breast feeding period

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11
Q

Acute mastitis may progress to

A

Abscess formation

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12
Q

Inflammation of the subareolar duct is also called

A

Periductal mastitis

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13
Q

Periductal mastitis is commonly seen in

A

Smokers

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14
Q

What smoke does to the columnar epit. cells?

A

Vit. A deficiency -> Squamous epit. cells -> Keratin plug -> Inflammation behind the duct

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15
Q

Periductal mastitis presents as

A

Subareolar mass

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16
Q

Granulation tissue contains ______ whcih will contract and pull the nipple inwards

A

Myofibroblasts

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17
Q

Which disorder will present as green-brown nipple discharege?

A

Mammary duct ectasia

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18
Q

Inflammation with dilation of the subareolar duct is also called

A

Mammary duct ectasia

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19
Q

Mammary duct ectasia classicaly arises in which population?

A

Postmenopausal women

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20
Q

What is seen on biopsy of Mammary duct ectasia?

A

Chronic inflammation and plasma cells

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21
Q

Fat necrosis of the breat is usually related to

A

Trauma

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22
Q

Why do we see calcification in fat necrosis of the breast?

A

Due to saponification

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23
Q

Biopsy of Fat necrosis of the breast will show

A

Calcification

Giant cells

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24
Q

What is the most common change in premenopausal women breast?

A

Fibrocystic change

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25
Q

Fibrocystic change present as

A

Lumpy breast

26
Q

Gross patholgy of the Fibrocystic change

A

Blue-dome appearance

27
Q

Fibrocystic change crries/Dont carry risk of cancer

A

Doesnt carry

28
Q

Apocrine metaplasis does/doesnt increase the risk for cancer

A

Doesnt

29
Q

Ductal hyperplasia does/doesnt increase the risk for cancer

A

Does

30
Q

Papillary growth usually into a large duct is defined as

A

Intraductal papilloma

31
Q

Intraductal papilloma classically presents as

A

Bloody nipple discharge in premenopausal women

32
Q

Papillary carcinoma is characterized by papillary projection lined by epit. cells without ______

A

Underlying myoepithelial cells

33
Q

Tumpr of fibrous tissue and glands=

A

Fibroadenoma

34
Q

What is the most common benign lesion of the breast

A

Fibroadenoma

35
Q

Fibroadenoma is ____ sensitive

A

Estrogen

36
Q

Fibroadenoma presents as

A

Well-circumscribed, mobile marble-like mass

37
Q

Fibroadenoma like tumor with overgrowth of the fibrous tissue=

A

Phyllodes tumor

38
Q

Phyllodes tumor classically looks like _____ on biopsy

A

Leaf like projection

39
Q

Which one can be malignant?

Phyllodes tumor/Fibroadenoma

A

Phyllodes tumor

40
Q

What is the most common cancer in women by incidece?

A

Breast cancer

41
Q

Breast cancer is __ most common cause of cancer mortality

A

2nd

42
Q

If DCIS goes out to the skin of the nipple it is called-

A

Paget disease of the nipple

43
Q

If DCIS invade the BM we call it

A

Invasive DCIS

44
Q

What is the appearance of DCIS

A

Detected as calcification on mammography

45
Q

Which DCIS type has high grade cells with necrosis and dysrophic calcification in center of duct?

A

Comedo type

46
Q

Special subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma

A
  • Tubular carcinoma
  • Mucinous carcinoma
  • Inflammatory carcinoma
  • Medullary carcinoma
47
Q

Medullary carcinoma is characterized by

A

Large, high grade cells growing in sheets with associated lymphocytes and plasma cells

48
Q

Medullary carcinoma has an increased incidence in which population

A

BRCA1 carriers

49
Q

TNM- T?

A

Tumor size

50
Q

TNM- N?

A

Local lymph Node metastasis

51
Q

TNM- M?

A

Distant Metastasis

52
Q

What is the most usefull factor in the prognosis of breast cancer?

A

Spread to axillary lymph nodes

53
Q

Hereditary breast cancer represents __ of breast cancer cases

A

10%

54
Q

BRCA1 is associated with

A

Breast and ovarian carcinoma

55
Q

BRCA2 is associated with

A

Breast carcinoma in males

56
Q

Removal of both breast=

A

Bilateral mastectomy

57
Q

Do woman whe undergo Bilateral mastectomy in case of BRCA1 mutation eliminate their chance to cancer?

A

No

Breast tissue sometimes extends into the axilla or asubcutaneous tissue in the chest wall

58
Q

Where is the highest density of breast tissue in males?

A

Underneath the nipple

59
Q

Male breast cancer most commom histological subtype

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

60
Q

Male breast cancer is associated with

A

BRCA2 mutation

Klinefelter syndrome

SN Pathology final (13 decks)

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