A. IV

Question 1

Edema=

Answer 1

Increased in interstitial fluid

Question 2

Edema is laso known as

Answer 2

Transudate and Exudate

Question 3

Frank Starling law (4)

Answer 3

1. Increased Intravascular hydrostatic preasure
2. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
3. Lymphatic obstruction
4. Salt and water retention

Question 4

Some examples of edema

Answer 4

Cerebral
Pulmonary
Lymphedema
Elephantiasis

Question 5

What kind of hyperemia is caused by problems in venous circulation?

Answer 5

Passive hyperemia

Question 6

Dilation of venous can be (2)

Answer 6

Systemic

Local

Question 7

Thrombosis=

Answer 7

Coagulation of blood within vessels or heart chambers

Question 8

Virchow’s triad=

Answer 8

Blood stasis
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury

Question 9

Hypercoagulability can be _________ and ______

Answer 9

Primary

Secondary

Question 10

Primary Hypercoagulability=

Answer 10

Genetics, like factor 5 Laiden mutation

Question 11

Secondary Hypercoagulability=

Answer 11

Aquired!
Smoking
Obesity
Drugs
Pregnancy

Question 12

Classification of thrombosis (4)

Answer 12

Arterial
Venous
Heart chamber
Fibrin (Hylaine thrombi)

Question 13

What is known as white thrombi?

Answer 13

Arterial thrombi

Question 14

What is known as red thrombi?

Answer 14

Venous thrombi

Question 15

Venous thrombi is caused by (2)

Answer 15

Stasis

Thrombophlebitis

Question 16

What is Embolism?

Answer 16

Detached intravascular gaseous, liquid or solid mass carried by blood from its site of origin to another site

Question 17

Types of embolism

Answer 17

Pulmonary thromboembolism
Systemic thromboembolism
Fat embolism
Air embolism

Question 18

Pulmonary thromboembolism originates most commonly from

Answer 18

DVT of lower extremities

Question 19

Systemic thromboembolism most commonly originates from

Answer 19

Mural thrombi within heart chambers

Rest from aortic atherosclerosis…

Question 20

Fat embolism can occurs after

Answer 20

Long bone fracturing

Question 21

Fat embolism leads to

Answer 21

Respiratory distress
Neurological symptoms
Anemia

Question 22

Types of shock (6)

Answer 22

Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Septic
Neurologic
Anaphylactic (HSN type I)
Endocrine

Question 23

Shock=

Answer 23

Systemic hypoperfusion of tissues (cellular hypoxia)

Question 24

Causes for cardiogenic shock

Answer 24

Infarction
Arrhythmias
Cardiac temponade
Pulmonary embolism

Question 25

Septic shock mechanism

Answer 25

Aterial vasodilation and venous blood pooling

Question 26

Most common cause of septic shock

Answer 26

Gram positive bacteria

Question 27

Stages of shock (3)

Answer 27

Non progressive (reflex mechanism)
Progressive (hypoperfusion)
Irreversible (Tissue injury)

Question 28

DIC means

Answer 28

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Question 29

DIC=

Answer 29

Sudden onset of widespread thrombosis within the microcirculation

Question 30

Thrombotic disorder can evolve into a

Answer 30

Bleeding catastrophe

Due to consumption of fibrinolytic…

Question 31

Possible causes of DIC

Answer 31

Cancer
Pregnancy
Infection
Tissue injury

Question 32

What plays a role in the development of DIC in septic conditions
And how

Answer 32

TF

TF binds VII and forms the extrinsic pathway

Question 33

Symptoms of shock

Answer 33

Decresed blood preasure
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Vold skin
Cyanosis
Endothelial damage