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SN Pathology final > A. V > Flashcards

A. V Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation common symptoms

A 
Redness
Warmth
Swelling
Pain
Fever
Loss of function
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2
Q

Redness happens due to

A

Vasodilation

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3
Q

Ket mediators of vasodilation

A

Histamine
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin

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4
Q

What mediated pain in case of inflammation

A

Bradykinine

PGE2

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5
Q

Acute inflammation vascular change

A

Vasodilation -> Increased blood flow + Increased vascular permeability -> Bring blood and proteins to site of infection

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6
Q

Transudate is formed when

A

Fluid leaks out bcs. of increased hydrostatic preasure

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7
Q

Transudate=

A

Low protein content

Few cells

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8
Q

Exudate is formed bcs, of

A

Vascular permeability is increased

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9
Q

Exudate=

A

High protein content

May contain white/red blood cells

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10
Q

What causes increased Vascular permeability?

A

Endothelial cell contraction -> Gaps

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11
Q

What is the main cellular event in case of acute inflammation?

A

Leukocyte reqruiment to the site of injury

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12
Q

Leukocyte job in inflammation

A

Ingest
Kill bacteria
Eliminate necrotic tissue

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13
Q

Leukocyte migration through blood vessels

A

Margination and rolling
Adhesion to endothelium
Transmigration btw. endot. cells
Migration in interstitial tissue

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14
Q

Which cytokines promote expression of selectin and integrin ligands on endothelium?

A

TNF

IL-1

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15
Q

Acute inflammation characterized by presence of

A

Edema

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Acute inflammation arise in reponse to

A

Infection

Tissur necrosis

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17
Q

Mediators of Acute inflammation

A 
Toll Like Receptors
Arachidonic acid metabolites
Mast cells
Complement
Factor XII
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18
Q

TLR are activated by which ligand

A

PAMP (Lipoplysaccharide…)

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19
Q

TLR activation results in

A

NF-kB upregulation

20
Q

NF-kB=

A

Nuclear transcription factor that activates immune response genes

21
Q

PGI2 mediates

A

Vasodilation

22
Q

Types of acute inflammation (5)

A 
Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
Gangrenous
23
Q

Serous inflammation=

A

Protein poor fluidderived from plasma

24
Q

Example for Serous inflammation

A

Skin blister

25
Q

Fibrinous inflammation=

A

Protein rich exudate

Fibrin!!

26
Q

Histologic appearance of Fibrinous inflammation

A

Eosinophilic

27
Q

Example for Fibrinous inflammation

A

Inflammation in the lining of body cavities

Fibrinous pericarditis

28
Q

Purulent inflammation=

A

Large amount of pus (Neut., edema, necrotic cells)

29
Q

Purulent inflammation examples

A

Abscess

30
Q

Chronic inflammation=

A

Prolonged, weeks to years

Inflammation, tissue injury and healing simultaneously

31
Q

Chronic inflammation characterized by-

A 
MPH
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Tissue destruction
Repair
32
Q

Repair=(2)

A

Angiogenesis

Fibrosis

33
Q

Etiology of Chronic inflammation

A 
Persistant infection
Infection with microbes
Autoimmune disease
Foreign materials
Cancers
34
Q

Process of scar formation

A

Collagen type III is replaced by Collagen type I

35
Q

Granulomatous inflammation is a subtype of

A

Chronic inflammation

36
Q

Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by

A

Granulomas

37
Q

Granuloma is consist of

A

Epitheloid histiocytes (MPH)
Giant cells
Lymphocytes

38
Q

Granuloma subtypes

A

Caseating

Non-caseating

39
Q

Non-caseating Granuloma lacks

A

Necrosis center

40
Q

Etiology of Non-caseating Granuloma

A

Reaction to foreign material
Sarcoidosis
Crohn disease

41
Q

Caseating Granuloma have central ______

A

Necrosis

42
Q

Etiology of Caseating Granuloma

A

TB

Fungi

43
Q

Steps involves in granuloma formation

A
  1. MPH present Ag via MHC-II to CD4 T cell
  2. MPH secrete IL-12
  3. CD4 T cell differentiate to Th1
  4. Th1 secrete IFN-gamma
  5. IFN-gamma converts MPH to epitheloid histocytes and giant cells
44
Q

T cell use ___ complexfor Ag surveillance

A

TCR

45
Q

TCR includes

A

CD3 and CD4/CD8

SN Pathology final (13 decks)

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