A. V Flashcards
Inflammation common symptoms
Redness Warmth Swelling Pain Fever Loss of function
Redness happens due to
Vasodilation
Ket mediators of vasodilation
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin
What mediated pain in case of inflammation
Bradykinine
PGE2
Acute inflammation vascular change
Vasodilation -> Increased blood flow + Increased vascular permeability -> Bring blood and proteins to site of infection
Transudate is formed when
Fluid leaks out bcs. of increased hydrostatic preasure
Transudate=
Low protein content
Few cells
Exudate is formed bcs, of
Vascular permeability is increased
Exudate=
High protein content
May contain white/red blood cells
What causes increased Vascular permeability?
Endothelial cell contraction -> Gaps
What is the main cellular event in case of acute inflammation?
Leukocyte reqruiment to the site of injury
Leukocyte job in inflammation
Ingest
Kill bacteria
Eliminate necrotic tissue
Leukocyte migration through blood vessels
Margination and rolling
Adhesion to endothelium
Transmigration btw. endot. cells
Migration in interstitial tissue
Which cytokines promote expression of selectin and integrin ligands on endothelium?
TNF
IL-1
Acute inflammation characterized by presence of
Edema
Neutrophils
Acute inflammation arise in reponse to
Infection
Tissur necrosis
Mediators of Acute inflammation
Toll Like Receptors Arachidonic acid metabolites Mast cells Complement Factor XII
TLR are activated by which ligand
PAMP (Lipoplysaccharide…)
TLR activation results in
NF-kB upregulation
NF-kB=
Nuclear transcription factor that activates immune response genes
PGI2 mediates
Vasodilation
Types of acute inflammation (5)
Serous Fibrinous Purulent Hemorrhagic Gangrenous
Serous inflammation=
Protein poor fluidderived from plasma
Example for Serous inflammation
Skin blister
Fibrinous inflammation=
Protein rich exudate
Fibrin!!
Histologic appearance of Fibrinous inflammation
Eosinophilic
Example for Fibrinous inflammation
Inflammation in the lining of body cavities
Fibrinous pericarditis
Purulent inflammation=
Large amount of pus (Neut., edema, necrotic cells)
Purulent inflammation examples
Abscess
Chronic inflammation=
Prolonged, weeks to years
Inflammation, tissue injury and healing simultaneously
Chronic inflammation characterized by-
MPH Lymphocytes Plasma cells Tissue destruction Repair
Repair=(2)
Angiogenesis
Fibrosis
Etiology of Chronic inflammation
Persistant infection Infection with microbes Autoimmune disease Foreign materials Cancers
Process of scar formation
Collagen type III is replaced by Collagen type I
Granulomatous inflammation is a subtype of
Chronic inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by
Granulomas
Granuloma is consist of
Epitheloid histiocytes (MPH)
Giant cells
Lymphocytes
Granuloma subtypes
Caseating
Non-caseating
Non-caseating Granuloma lacks
Necrosis center
Etiology of Non-caseating Granuloma
Reaction to foreign material
Sarcoidosis
Crohn disease
Caseating Granuloma have central ______
Necrosis
Etiology of Caseating Granuloma
TB
Fungi
Steps involves in granuloma formation
- MPH present Ag via MHC-II to CD4 T cell
- MPH secrete IL-12
- CD4 T cell differentiate to Th1
- Th1 secrete IFN-gamma
- IFN-gamma converts MPH to epitheloid histocytes and giant cells
T cell use ___ complexfor Ag surveillance
TCR
TCR includes
CD3 and CD4/CD8
